Effects of Hydrothermal Treatment Conditions on the Catalytic Activity of HZSM-5 Zeolites in the Methylation of 4-Methylbiphenyl with Methanol

The objective of this work is to study the effects of hydrothermal treatment conditions on the methylation of 4-methylbiphenyl (4-MBP) with methanol under fixed-bed down-flow conditions. The results show that hydrothermal treatment temperature has a marked effect on the activity and selectivity in the methylation of 4-MBP with methanol. 4-MBP conversion decreases and the selectivity to 4,4-dimethylbiphenyl (4,4-DMBP) increases with an increase in the hydrothermal treatment temperature. The optimal temperature range is between 400 and 550 °C. After hydrothermal treatment, the catalytic selectivity to 4,4-DMBP is up to 70%, while the 4-MBP conversion is about 12%. The high selectivity over hydrothermally treated ZSM-5 largely results from the suppression of 4,4-DMBP secondary reactions such as isomerization and dealkylation, as demonstrated by the reaction of 4,4-DMBP as reactant over hydrothermally treated ZSM-5 and the parent zeolite.     

NH_4与Pt改性的HZSM-5催化剂上2-甲基萘与甲醇的择形甲基化反应(英文)

Shape-selective methylation of 2-methylnaphthalene (2-MN) was carried out over NH4F and Pt modified HZSM-5 (SiO2/Al2O3 83) catalysts in a fixed-bed down-flow reactor using methanol as methylating agent and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (1,3,5-TMB) as a solvent. Pt promoted HZSM-5 catalysts showed low concentration of coke-like polycondensed aromatics, NH4F modification decreased non-shape-selective acid sites. After Pt and NH4F co-modification, both conversion of 2-MN and selectivity to 2,6-DMN were improved. 6%NH4F/0.5%Pt/HZSM-5 catalyst exhibited 13.8% of 2-MN conversion with 6.2% of 2,6-DMN yield after 7 h time on stream (TOS), and 2,6-/2,7-DMN ratio of 1.7 after 10 h of TOS.     

硅改性HZSM-5沸石上甲苯与甲醇选择性甲基化的研究

采用硅油化学液相沉积法,焙烧后在HZSM-5沸石外表面上形成SiO2涂层,可有效地调控HZSM-5沸石的孔口尺寸。制备了一系列SiO2沉积量不同的Si/HZSM-5催化剂,并进行了甲苯与甲醇选择性甲基化反应。随着SiO2沉积量增加,沸石骨架结构和内表面性质变化不大,而孔口尺寸逐渐缩小,反应中产物对二甲苯的选择性明显提高。     

改性HZSM-5分子筛上苯酚与甲醇的烷基化反应

在反应温度为673K,苯酚与甲醇的摩尔比为1:1,重时空速(WHSV)为0 5h-1的反应条件下,研究了改性HZSM-5分子筛上苯酚与甲醇烷基化反应的反应规律。用酸性氧化物(P2O5),碱性氧化物(MgO),中性氧化物(Sb2O3)对HZSM-5改性都可以提高苯酚甲基化反应产物芳香醚(Anisole+methylAnisole)的选择性,降低甲酚和二甲酚的选择性。随着氧化物负载量的增加,邻-甲酚的选择性增加。适度的氧化物改性可以提高对-甲酚的选择性,改性效果:Sb2o3>P2O5>MgO。     

Zn与Mn复合改性HZSM-5催化低浓度乙醇脱水制乙烯

对浸渍法锌锰复合改性HZSM-5分子筛用于催化低浓度乙醇脱水制备乙烯进行了研究. 探讨了改性溶液类型、HZSM-5原粉硅/铝比和改性条件(改性溶液浓度、浸渍时间、浸渍温度、焙烧温度)对Zn/Mn/ZSM-5催化乙醇脱水效果的影响,通过XRD、孔体积与比表面积、微观形貌分析等方法对改性前后的HZSM-5进行了表征. 结果表明,当HZSM-5原粉硅/铝比为25,改性温度为40℃, Zn(NO3)2和MnCl2浓度分别为2%和6%条件下改性1 h,再于550℃焙烧获得的分子筛催化效果最好,乙醇转化率和乙烯选择性分别达到99%和92%以上. 表征结果表明,Zn2+和Mn2+进入了分子筛骨架中,分子筛能很好地保持原有的结构,并且B酸中心量减少,L酸中心量增多,这有利于乙醇催化脱水制乙烯.     

磷镍复合改性HZSM-5催化乙醇脱水制乙烯

在离子交换法制备的Ni改性HZSM-5的基础上,采用等体积浸渍法引入不同含量的H3PO4改性,制备了磷镍复合改性的HZSM-5并用于乙醇脱水制乙烯。采用XRD、N2吸附脱附、PyTPD、27Al MAS NMR等表征手段考察了改性对分子筛的影响。结果显示:P添加后促进了骨架铝的脱离,导致强酸量进一步减少,提高了催化剂的使用寿命。活性评价结果表明,以8%磷酸改性的催化剂催化效果最好。然后考察了反应条件对其催化乙醇脱水制乙烯的影响,得到最适宜反应条件为温度260℃、质量空速1.5 h-1、进料乙醇体积分数为50%。在此条件下进行了稳定性测试,50 h内乙醇转化率大于97%,乙烯选择性高于98%,和仅用镍改性相比稳定性显著提高。     

过渡金属改性HZSM-5催化乙醇脱水制乙烯

分别考察了过渡金属铁、锰和钴改性HZSM-5对乙醇脱水制乙烯的影响,并对催化效果最好的催化剂进行了反应条件的优化.结果表明:Co/HZSM-5的催化性能最好,使用该催化剂在220℃、质量空速2.5 h-1、乙醇体积分数为60%的反应条件下,乙醇的转化率和乙烯的选择性分别高达99.6%和99.3%.     

无机氟改性的HZSM－5分子筛催化1，2，4－三甲苯与甲醇烷基化合成1，2，4，5－四甲苯的研究

用不同浓度的ＮＨ_４Ｆ对ＨＺＳＭ－５分子筛进行改性制成偏三甲苯－甲醇烷基化反应的催化剂,考察反应时间、改性剂浓度、焙烧温度对其催化性能的影响。结果发现,无机氟改性使ＨＺＳＭ－５分子筛对偏三甲苯－甲醇烷基化合成均四甲苯反应的活性、选择性及催化剂的稳定性都有良好的促进作用,并且改性后的ＨＺＳＭ－５分子筛加入粘合剂制成的催化剂仍具有良好的催化性能。采用ＳＥＭ、ＩＲ及ＴＰＤ等方法测试无机氟改性后ＨＺＳＭ－５分子筛结构及酸性的变化。     

HZSM-5负载CoFe2O4光催化剂的结构及光催化性能

采用浸渍法制备了以HZSM-5为载体的CoFe2O4光催化剂,利用X射线衍射仪、UV-Vis漫反射光谱仪、氮吸附比表面仪对样品进行了表征,发现HZSM-5表面负载有CoFe2O4复合氧化物,且负载后的比表面积明显增大.通过对HZSM-5负载CoFe2O4光催化剂的光催化性能研究得到12%CoFe2O4/HZSM-5在6...     

Microwave discharge-assisted NO reduction by CH4 over Co/HZSM-5 and Ni/HZSM-5 under O2 excess

Microwave discharge-assisted reduction of NO by CH₄ in the presence of excess O₂ over Co/HZSM-5 and Ni/HZSM-5 catalysts was studied. By comparing the activities of the catalysts in the microwave discharge mode with that in the conventional reaction mode, it is demonstrated that microwave discharge enhanced greatly the conversion of NO to N₂, and expanded the reaction temperature range of the catalysts. For the Co/HZSM-5 catalyst, the conversion of NO to N₂ increased by 30%, and the optimum temperature decreased by 200°C. With the Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst, the highest activity was close to 100%, and the optimum temperature decreased by 325°C. The conversion of CH₄ also increased in the microwave discharge mode over both of the catalysts.     

Fe改性HZSM-5分子筛上甲醇耦合C4烃制低碳烯烃反应性能研究

用等体积浸渍法制备Fe改性HZSM-5分子筛催化剂（Fe/HZSM-5）。考察了Fe/HZSM-5在不同温度下对甲醇耦合C₄烃制低碳烯烃反应性能的影响,并利用紫外-可见漫反射光谱对Fe/HZSM-5进行了表征。结果表明,在低铁含量条件下,Fe改性HZSM-5分子筛上Fe（Ⅲ）主要以高分散隔离的形式存在于HZSM-5分子筛的表面,Fe改性提高了催化剂上的原料转化率以及乙烯和丙烯选择性,从而获得了较高的乙烯和丙烯总收率。在反应温度为550 ℃时,在Fe（Ⅲ）处理的HZSM-5分子筛上,乙烯和丙烯总收率最高可达42.1%,比未改性的HZSM-5提高了7％。     

HZSM-5催化剂气相沉积改性及催化甲苯歧化抗积炭性能

为使HZSM-5具有较高的甲苯歧化催化活性,提高对二甲苯的选择性以及催化剂的抗积炭稳定性,采用钛酸四丁酯、正硅酸乙酯和亚磷酸二乙酯对HZSM-5催化剂进行化学气相沉积改性。分别采用红外光谱和吡啶程序升温脱附(TPD)表征了改性前后催化剂表面酸中心性质。实验结果表明,HZSM-5沸石气相化学沉积覆Ti、Si和P的氧化物后,表面酸中心类型和弱酸中心密度没有改变,强酸中心密度有所下降,其中化学气相覆P的HZSM-5酸中心强度明显增强。改性后的HZSM-5沸石用于甲苯歧化反应催化剂时,经过气相化学沉积覆Si和P的HZSM-5催化剂不仅能提高甲苯歧化催化活性,而且能够大幅度提高催化剂的抗积炭能力。     

混合碳四在SO42-/TiO2 /HZSM-5上低温芳构化研究

考察了反应温度和反应时间对混合碳四在SO₄^2-/TiO₂ /HZSM-5催化剂上芳构化反应的影响。结果表明，低温时主要为齐聚产物 ，随温度升高，BTX和芳烃的选择性和收率随之增加，但催化剂失活加快,优化的反应温度为360 ℃；同ZnNi/HZSM-5催化剂相比，要达到相同的BTX和芳烃收率，SO₄^2-/TiO₂ /HZSM-5催化剂可使反应温度降低150 ℃左右。讨论了混合碳四在SO₄^2-/TiO₂ /HZSM-5上的芳构化机理。     

不同硅铝比HZSM-5分子筛的甲醇制芳烃性能

采用固定床反应器,以甲醇为原料,在反应温度为430℃和反应空速为2 h-1的条件下,考察了不同硅铝比HZSM-5分子筛催化剂的甲醇制芳烃反应(MTA)性能,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、氨气程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)、物理吸附、傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)等技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明:MTA反应是强酸主导的催化反应,随着分子筛硅铝比的降低,分子筛总酸量逐渐增加,强酸相对总量逐渐提高,其中弱酸相对总量降低。这主要是由于分子筛中Al含量逐渐上升,作为强酸位的Si-OH-Al逐渐增加所致,催化剂反应活性与之呈正向相关的关系。当HZSM-5催化剂中的强弱酸总量比由0.3增加到0.6时,苯-甲苯-二甲苯(BTX)的选择性由36%增至64%,说明催化剂的活性显著提高;当强弱酸总量比由1.1增至1.5时,BTX选择性变化仅为0.92%,催化性能提升不明显,HZSM-5分子筛的MTA反应性能与其硅铝比呈反向相关关系。     

Non-oxidative reaction of CBrF3 with methane over NiZSM-5 and HZSM-5

Catalytic hydrodehalogenation of CBrF₃ with methane was studied over NiZSM-5 and HZSM-5 in tubular reactor between 573 and 873 K and at ambient pressure. It was found that the incorporation of nickel into HZSM-5 significantly enhanced the activity of the zeolite. A variety of products were formed during reaction, including CH₃Br, CHF₃, CH₂Br₂, C₂F₆, C₂H₄, C₂H₂, C₂H₂F₂, CHBrF₂, CH₂BrF, and C₂H₃Br. XRD analysis showed that these two zeolite catalysts did not suffer any loss in their crystallinity during use. Deactivation of both NiZSM-5 and HZSM-5 may, in part, be due to poisoning of the zeolite by halogens. Coking is another cause of the deactivation of HZSM-5, but appears to play a minor role in NiZSM-5 deactivation. A series of methylated silicone oils was detected during reaction over NiZSM-5.     

Upgrading of tall oil to fuels and chemicals over HZSM-5 catalyst using various diluents

The upgrading of crude tall oil (CTO) to fuels and chemicals was studied at atmospheric pressure and in the temperature range 370 to 440°C in a fixed bed microreactor containing HZSM-5. The oil was co-fed with diluents such as tetralin, methanol and steam. High oil conversions of the order of 80–90 wt. % were obtained using tetralin and methanol as diluents but with steam the conversion only ranged between 36 to 70 wt. %. The maximum concentration of gasoline range aromatic hydrocarbons in the liquid product was 52 and 57 wt. % with tetralin and steam but only 39 wt. % with methanol. The amount of gas product in most of the runs was 1–4 wt.%. A reaction scheme is postulated based on the results.     

改性HZSM-5上焦化苯与乙醇烷基化制乙苯

通过离子交换法制备硼改性的分子筛,并在连续固定床反应器上对其进行焦化苯与乙醇烷基化反应催化性能和脱硫性能的考察。通过XRD和BET方法对催化剂进行表征,结果表明,改性后催化剂的比表面积、微孔孔容和孔径均减少。反应评价结果显示,改性后乙苯选择性略有降低,苯转化率增加。最佳反应条件：温度（350～400） ℃,n(苯)∶n(乙醇)=(3∶1)～(5∶1),空速（4～6） h^-1。     

混合碳四在SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2/HZSM-5上低温芳构化研究

考察了反应温度和反应时间对混合碳四在SO42-/TiO2/HZSM-5催化剂上芳构化反应的影响。结果表明,低温时主要为齐聚产物,随温度升高,BTX和芳烃的选择性和收率随之增加,但催化剂失活加快,优化的反应温度为360℃;同ZnN i/HZSM-5催化剂相比,要达到相同的BTX和芳烃收率,SO42-/TiO2/HZSM-5催化剂可使反应温度降低150℃左右。讨论了混合碳四在SO42-/TiO2/HZSM-5上的芳构化机理。     

Methane dehydrogenation and aromatization over 4 wt% Mn/HZSM-5 in the absence of an oxidant

Methane dehydrogenation and aromatization over 4 wt% Mn/HZSM-5 in the absence of an oxidant (GHSV = 1600 mL h⁻¹ g⁻¹) was investigated. Mn/HZSM-5 was prepared by impregnation of HZSM-5 with manganese acetate tetrahydrate solution; Mn₃O₄ formed was the precursor of active phase for methane activation. The induction period over Mn/HZSM-5 catalyst before aromatic products appear was long at 700 °C. This period shortened with a rise of the reaction temperature to 800 °C. XPS and TPO results showed that the partly carburized or carburized Mn species formed are probably responsible for methane activation.     

Conversion of used vegetable oils to liquid fuels and chemicals over HZSM-5, sulfated zirconia and hybrid catalysts

Thailand’s food manufacturing uses about 47 Million liters per year of vegetable oil. Used vegetable oil is classified as waste, but has potential for conversion into liquid fuel. This research studied the catalytic conversion of used vegetable oil to liquid fuel, where investigation was performed in a batch microreactor over a temperature range of 380–430 °C, initial pressure of hydrogen gas over 10–20 bars, and reaction time of 45–90 minutes. Catalysts such as HZSM-5, Sulfated Zirconia and hybrid of HZSM-5 with Sulfated Zirconia were used to determine the conversion and yield of gasoline fraction. The major products obtained were liquid products, hydrocarbon gases and small amounts of solids. Liquid products were analyzed by simulated distillation gas chromatograph and the product distribution was obtained. Hybrid catalyst HZSM-5 with Sulfated Zirconia showed the highest yield of gasoline with a 26.57 wt% at a temperature of 430 °C, initial hydrogen pressure at 10 bars, and reaction time of 90 minutes in the ratio of hybrid HZSM-5 with Sulfated Zirconia at 0.3: 0.7.