变参式Tikhonov正则化图像复原算法

正则化方法是近年来流行的图像复原算法。研究了周期边界条件下Tikhonov正则化的预处理共轭梯度算法,提出了新的预处理矩阵和变化正则化参数的方法。正则化参数先取较大值,抑制复原图像中的噪声,得出收敛的结果来修正初始梯度;再取较小值,用来增强复原图像中的细节。对一组图像复原基准问题的实验结果表明,与当前流行的正则化图像复原算法比较,该算法的图像复原效果更佳。     

CGLS 算法在综合孔径微波辐射计中的应用

高效的反演成像算法是综合孔径微波辐射计的关键技术之一。由于综合孔径微波辐射计反演成像在数学上是病态的反问题,所以需要进行正则化处理以克服其病态特性而获得稳定的解。与直接正则化方法相比,共轭梯度最小二乘(Conjugate Gradients Least Squares, CGLS)迭代法具有无须明确正则化参数、无须对传递矩阵求逆等优点。提出将共轭梯度最小二乘法应用于综合孔径辐射计成像中,并基于全极化干涉式微波辐射计(Full Polarization Interferometric Radiometer, FPIR)系统,比较了其与经典的最小范数正则化的性能。仿真结果表明:与最小范数正则化相比,CGLS 正则化算法能有效降低FPIR 系统图像反演误差,以获取高精确度的观测场景的亮温分布满足FPIR 系统探测海面风场、海表面盐度和土壤湿度等应用需求。     

基于L1/L2正则化电阻抗层析成像算法的碳纤维增强复合材料损伤检测

电阻抗层析成像（EIT）为碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）结构健康检测提供了一种可视化检测的手段。针对EIT图像重建的欠定性和病态性，提出了一种基于L1/L2稀疏正则化的EIT图像重建算法。该算法通过构建L1/L2正则化项的目标泛函，在求解过程中加入正则化参数对解向量进行修正，并在迭代过程中加入约束区间使解向量更加贴近真实分布。仿真和实验结果表明，与共轭梯度（CGLS）算法、Tikhonov算法、L1正则化算法相比，所提L1/L2正则化算法重构的损伤位置和大小更接近真实损伤模型，损伤的辨识度更高，电极伪影得到明显改善，为EIT应用于CFRP层压板损伤检测提供了新方法。     

静态阻抗断层图像重建新方法

阻抗断层图像重建是一个严重病态的非线性的逆问题,特别是在静态阻抗断层成像中,由于其图像重建模型误差和测量噪声的影响更为严重,因此常用的基于目标函数梯度信息不断迭代的改进的Newton-Raphson类重建算法,即使使用正则化技术,其稳定性仍较差,甚至发散.本文提出一种全新的静态阻抗断层图像重建方法,它利用基于生物自然选择与遗传机理的遗传算法去搜索阻抗图像重建问题的最优解,无需正则化技术,也不会象改进的Newton-Raphson类算法那样易陷入局部最优解.实验结果也表明基于遗传算法的图像重建方法重建的静态阻抗断层图像,其成像精度和空间分辨率都大大好于改进的Newton-Raphson类重建算法.     

基于信赖域技巧的共轭梯度方法的图像重建算法研究

图像重建算法是电容层析成像系统研究的关键技术,寻找一种重建图像速度和重建图像质量都能满足工业应用要求的图像重建算法是十分必要的。基于信赖域方法的共轭梯度算法是在普通共轭梯度算法的基础上提出的一种新的图像重建算法,提高了图像重建的质量与速度。     

基于稀疏正则化结合NLS的超分辨率图像重建

为了保持高光谱(HS)超分辨率重建过程中的频谱一致性和边缘锐度,提出一种基于空间谱结合非局部相似性的超分辨率重建算法。首先,使用HS图像生成模型,采用稀疏正则化解决全色(PAN)图像和HS图像重建的病态问题求逆;然后分析了从高空间分辨率到低空间分辨率数据生成的丰度系数映射;最后利用非局部相似性,设计空间谱联合正则化项。实验结果表明,本文算法重建图像在PSNR,SSIM和FSIM方面明显高于其他优秀算法,在SAM和ERGAS方面明显低于其他优秀算法,在光谱失真方面丢失最少,仅有2%-3%,低于其他算法30%左右,且重建效果更加清晰自然。     

基于改进Gauss-Newton的电容层 析成像图像重建算法

 针对电容层析成像技术中的"软场"效应和病态问题,在分析Gauss-Newton算法基本原理的基础上,提出了一种基于Gauss-Newton新的电容层析成像算法,采用奇异值分解定理对算法的稳定性进行了证明.在此基础上探讨了ECT应用该算法的可行性,算法满足收敛条件且重建图像误差小.仿真和实验结果表明,该算法和LBP、Landweber和共轭梯度算法相比,算法兼备成像质量高、稳定性好等优点,为ECT图像重建算法的研究提供了一个新的思路.     

基于L曲线的自适应时空正则化视频超分辨率重建

为了解决视频超分辨率重建的病态问题,以得到良好的重建效果,提出了一种新颖的视频超分辨率重建算法。在算法中引入了时空联合正则化算子,通过视频帧本身的空间平滑信息和视频相邻帧的帧间相关先验信息的引入,提高了解的质量;同时,为了选择合适的时空正则化系数,提出了基于L曲线的自适应时空正则化系数计算方法,可以自适应地计算合适的正则化系数。通过对模拟图像序列和真实视频序列的实验结果表明,算法能得到较为精确的解,重建出具有良好视觉效果的高分辨率视频。     

自适应加权的总变分正则化图像超分辨率重建

在Farsiu提出的双边总变分正则化方法中,尺度加权系数和正则化参数为定值,在边缘、纹理区域,重建图像效果不理想。针对这个问题,提出了一种自适应加权正则化函数和正则化参数的重建算法,该方法利用图像局部结构信息控制权函数形状、带宽和正则化参数,使这些参数根据图像局部结构信息自适应地调整。对所提出的算法进行了仿真实验,实验结果表明,与传统的总变分重建方法相比较,该算法能更好地重建图像的纹理细节,重建图像的对比度高。     

基于正则化处理的超分辨率重建

针对超分辨率重建的病态反问题进行研究。该文首先介绍超分辨率重建的数学模型,分析了最小二乘估计及其病态性。其次给出病态问题的正则化泛函,并提出一种自适应动态确定正则化系数的方法,主要研究了迭代算法的收敛性和参数选择等问题。实验结果验证了方法的有效性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.