二氧化碳捕集技术及应用分析

分析了CO2捕集技术及现状。CO2捕集是CCS的关键技术单元之一,针对不同的CO2气源,国内外研究开发了多种技术。许多CO2捕集技术已经工业化,其中燃烧后烟气中CO2的捕集技术主要是以一乙醇胺(MEA)为基础的胺法;燃烧前的CO2捕集技术主要应用于IGCC电厂,一般需要对煤气中CO进行部分变换,变换后脱碳可采用成熟技术,如Selexol(NHD)等。富氧燃烧则是在中试成功的基础上,进行更大规模的工业示范。国内外大型煤制油化工项目主要采用低温甲醇洗脱除CO2,如果设置CO2产品塔,则可以获得体积分数98%以上的CO2。天然气脱碳主要采用MDEA技术。另外还有低温法、PSA、膜分离等CO2捕集技术及化学链燃烧等一些正在研发的技术。     

乙二胺不同掺杂模式下多孔有机聚合物对CO2的吸附

利用嫁接法和浸渍法分别在以1,3,5-三苯基苯为单体的有机多孔聚合物（nTPB）上成功掺杂乙二胺,分别研究了乙二胺的不同掺杂模式对多孔聚合物的结构性质以及CO₂吸附性能的影响。结果表明,嫁接法和浸渍法皆可在nTPB上均匀掺杂乙二胺,且nTPB的比表面积和孔容均有所下降。在乙二胺掺杂量相同的前提下,由于浸渍法完全利用nTPB的孔道吸收乙二胺,nTPB的孔道堵塞更明显。两种掺杂乙二胺的模式均可显著提升nTPB对CO₂的吸附选择性,但只有嫁接法对nTPB的CO₂吸附量有明显促进（从4.4 mmol/g升高为5.2 mmol/g;0℃,10⁵ Pa）;浸渍法由于过度堵塞nTPB孔道,且乙二胺的吸附位点被包埋,导致CO₂的吸附量反而下降（仅有3.4 mmol/g;0℃,10⁵ Pa）。此外,嫁接法掺杂乙二胺的nTPB表现出与nTPB基质相同的良好重复利用性。     

多孔液体在CO2捕集与利用领域的研究进展

为助力中国早日实现“双碳目标”,深入落实化工领域绿色低碳可持续发展的重要举措,吸附-吸收耦合有望成为气体分离的绿色变革性分离技术,其关键是高性能吸附（收）材料的开发。多孔液体（PLs）作为一类具有永久孔隙的液体材料,兼具了液体吸收剂的易于管道输送、传质传热效果好等优点和固体吸附剂的高比表面积、高孔隙率等优点,有望成为新一代CO2捕集的绿色变革性介质。该文首先简单介绍了多孔液体发展脉络;然后,重点聚焦于多孔液体在CO2的吸附/吸收、膜分离、催化转化等领域的应用展开探讨,并对多孔液体性能和优缺点进行分析归纳。最后,对多孔液体目前面临的挑战和未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

660MW燃煤机组百万吨CO_2捕集系统技术经济分析

为了解常规燃煤机组碳捕集系统的技术经济性,以基准情景为基础,根据国内某10万t CO_2燃烧后捕集系统的投资情况,利用生产能力指数法对5种脱碳情景的投资进行估算。在保证内部收益率为8%的前提下,分析了5种脱碳情景的上网电价、CO_2综合减排成本及其敏感性。结果表明,CO_2综合减排成本中,厂内碳捕集成本比例最大;随着燃料价格的上涨,CO_2综合减排成本逐渐增加;随着CO_2综合收益的增加,上网电价可以逐渐下降。     

Thermal transport model of a sorbent particle undergoing calcination–carbonation cycling

A numerical model coupling transient radiative, convective, and conductive heat transfer, mass transfer, and chemical kinetics of heterogeneous solid–gas reactions has been developed for a semitransparent, nonuniform, and nonisothermal particle undergoing cyclic thermochemical transformations. The calcination–carbonation reaction pair for calcium oxide looping is selected as the model cycle because of its suitability for solar‐driven carbon dioxide capture. The analyzed system is a single, porous particle undergoing thermochemical cycling in an idealized, reactor‐like environment. The model is used to investigate two cases distinguished by the length of the calcination and carbonation periods. The calcination–carbonation process for a single particle is shown to become periodic after three cycles. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 2647–2656, 2015     

N‐doped porous carbons for CO2 capture: Rational choice of N‐containing polymer with high phenyl density as precursor

N‐doped porous carbons (NPCs) are highly promising for CO₂ capture, but their preparation is severely hindered by two factors, namely, the high cost of N‐containing polymer precursors and the low yield of carbon products. Here we report for the first time the fabrication of NPCs through the rational choice of the polymer NUT‐4, with low cost and high phenyl density, as precursor. For the material NPC‐600 obtained from carbonization at 600°C, the yield is as high as 52.1%. The adsorption capacity of CO₂ on NPC‐600 reaches 6.9 mmol/g at 273 K and 1 bar, which is obviously higher than that on the benchmarks, including 13X zeolite (4.1 mmol/g) and activated carbon (2.8 mmol/g), as well as most reported carbon materials. Our results also demonstrate that the present NPCs can be completely regenerated under mild conditions. The abundant microporosity and “CO₂‐philic” (N‐doped) sites are responsible for the adsorption performance. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 1648–1658, 2017     

新型聚离子液体的制备及其捕获CO_2性能研究

CO2的捕获和封存是当前关注的重要问题。采用自由基聚合制备了一种新型聚离子液体,聚四亚乙基五胺丙烯酸盐(PTEPAA),并对其捕获CO2性能进行了研究。结果表明,PTEPAA捕获CO2具有捕获容量高、速度快、高度可逆的特点,在低温捕获的CO2可以在高温下有效解吸,捕获/解吸过程可以重复进行,PTEPAA可再生。每个捕获/解吸循环,每克PTEPAA可以分离大约0.24克CO2。PTEPAA作为一种新型固态CO2捕获材料,在烟气及燃气脱碳领域表现出良好的应用潜力。     

以捕集CO_2、风电制氢和CO_2加氢反应构建绿色煤化工之探讨

分析了煤化工和风电产业发展面临的问题,指出应转换角度来看待产业发展中的瓶颈制约,提出了把捕集CO2、风电制氢和CO2加氢反应研究相结合的绿色煤化工的发展思路,供业界参考、探讨。     

山西省实施CO2捕集与封存技术前景展望

针对山西省资源禀赋、地理特征、能源消费结构和污染状况,结合CO2捕集与封存技术(CCS)发展现状,分析了山西省CO2排放源及封存区状况,指出在山西省实施CO2捕集与封存技术潜力巨大,应用前景广阔,对于碳减排和应对气候变化具有重要意义,提出通过政策及法律法规建设、资金及人才储备、合作机制建设、示范项目建设等来进一步推动山西实施CO2捕集与封存技术。     

Hypercrosslinked microporous organic polymer networks derived from silole-containing building blocks

Three silole-containing hypercrosslinked microporous organic polymer networks were designed and synthesized via Friedel–Crafts alkylation promoted by anhydrous FeCl₃. The results demonstrated that the substitution of methyl group connected with silicon atom by benzene has negligible effect on the surface area and gas uptake ability of the polymer networks. The network-1 produced from 1,1-dimethyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphenylsilole shows a surface area up to 1236 m² g⁻¹ with the hydrogen uptake ability of 1.33 wt% (77.3 K/1.13 bar) and a carbon dioxide capture capacity of 2.94 mmol g⁻¹ at 273 K/1.13 bar. The isosteric heats of carbon dioxide sorption for all of the polymer networks exceed 25 kJ/mol at the zero coverage because the introduction of silicon atom into the polymer skeleton enhanced the binding affinity between the adsorbent and CO₂ molecules. In addition, the selectivity of the polymer networks for CO₂/N₂ and CO₂/CH₄ were found to be around 35 and 6 at 273 K, respectively. These results show that these materials are potential candidates for applications in post-combustion CO₂ capture and separation.