Ti3C2Tx/Fe3O4纳米复合材料的吸波和电磁屏蔽性能与机制

在电磁屏蔽领域,铁氧体是常用的涂覆型吸波剂,但以Fe₃O₄为首的铁氧体存在一些不足。本研究采用冷冻干燥的方法成功制备了花苞状Ti₃C₂T_x/Fe₃O₄复合材料,Ti₃C₂T_x/Fe₃O₄复合材料的花苞状结构对电磁波的多重反射、界面极化和电磁耦合作用等使复合材料具有更好的微波吸收性能。当频率为6.74 GHz时,最小反射损耗达到-51.41 dB,对应的匹配厚度为2.8 mm,这意味着它可以吸收99.999 28%的电磁波。本研究中特殊的花苞状Ti₃C₂T_x/Fe₃O₄复合材料表现出优异的吸波性能,在电磁屏蔽领域具有良好的应用前景。     

Fe3O4/CNTs@Cf复合材料的制备及其吸波性能的研究

为了改善传统碳材料的吸波性能,获得具有多元吸波机理的吸波材料,本文通过化学气相沉积法在碳纤维表面原位生长碳纳米管,后采用溶剂热反应在CNTs@C_f上生成Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒,制备出了Fe₃O₄/CNTs@C_f复合材料,并对其吸波性能进行研究,分析了复合材料的合成机理和吸波机理。其反射损耗在C波段可达-43.02 dB,随着Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒含量的进一步增加,其吸波性能下降。     

Fe3O4-GO复合纳米纸的制备及吸波性能研究

为了实现目前实际应用对吸波材料“轻、薄、宽、强”的要求，本工作采用氧化石墨烯(GO)结合磁性纳米粒子四氧化三铁(Fe₃O₄)构筑了一类新型的轻质且具有良好柔韧性的复合纳米纸吸波材料，希望其能简化复合材料成型工艺并替代吸波涂料，实现对吸波性能的调控。首先，利用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)对Fe₃O₄纳米粒子进行有机化修饰，制备了分散均匀、具有电磁双损性能的Fe₃O₄-GO复合纳米粒子，进而利用溶剂蒸发沉积法制备了GO及Fe₃O₄-GO纳米纸，并对其结构及性能进行了研究。结果表明，NH₂-Fe₃O₄稳定附着在GO片层上，当Fe₃O₄与GO的质量比为4∶6时，其输入阻抗Z_in与自由空间阻抗Z₀最为接近，复合纳米纸的阻抗匹配性能最好。Fe₃     

石墨烯与铁氧体BaFe12O19复合物的制备及其吸波性能的研究

该文使用高锰酸钾浓硫酸制备氧化石墨,并通过共碱还原 - 沉淀的方法制备石墨烯(rGO)与 Ba Fe₁₂O₁₉络合物,脱水后形成 r GO/Ba Fe₁₂O₁₉复合吸波材料。结果表明,r GO 片层上稳定嫁接了纳米铁氧体 Ba Fe₁₂O₁₉,利用铁氧体 Ba Fe₁₂O₁₉磁损耗和 r GO 介电损耗之间的协同作用,rGO/BaFe₁₂O₁₉纳米复合材料表现出了高效的吸波性能。电磁参数测试表明,当 r GO 含量为16.7% 时,在3 mm 厚度下,其损耗值能达到 -43.3 dB,在3.6 GHz～17.2 GHz的波段内,样品的损耗值几乎全部低于 -10.0 dB。通过添加不同剂量的 rGO 与铁氧体 Ba Fe₁₂O₁₉来探究,找到 r GO 与 BaFe₁₂O₁₉最佳的添加...     

单壁碳纳米管/六角钡铁氧体复合材料的微波吸收性能

用电弧法制备含铁的单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs), 并将其提纯之后掺杂到用溶胶-凝胶自燃法制备的M型六角钡铁氧体(BaFe₁₂O₁₉)纳米晶粉体中, 得到了具有网状结构的复合材料。利用同轴法测试了样品的电磁参数, 研究了不同混合比SWCNTs/BaFe₁₂O₁₉ 复合材料的吸波性能。结果表明: 复合粉体SWCNTs/BaFe₁₂O₁₉的磁损耗主要是由于自然共振和交换共振引起的; 当掺杂2%(质量分数)SWCNTs时, 微波反射衰减最大值可以达到 24.85 dB, 高于10 dB的频带宽度可以达到6.30 GHz, 具有较宽的吸波频段。      

纳米Fe3O4及Fe3O4-SrFe12O19吸波复合材料的制备及性能

采用共沉淀法成功制备出具有超顺磁性的纳米Fe₃O₄, 并将Fe₃O₄与SrFe₁₂O₁₉复合制成复合吸波材料Fe₃O₄-SrFe₁₂O₁₉, 利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)和矢量网络分析仪(PNA)对产物的物相、显微结构、磁性能和吸波性能进行了表征与分析。结果表明, 当Fe₃O₄与SrFe₁₂O₁₉质量比为1∶0.3时, Fe₃O₄-SrFe₁₂O₁₉饱和磁化强度为11.1 emu·g^-1, 矫顽力0.86 Oe, 剩余磁化强度0.08 emu·g^-1, 其吸波性能最佳, 最大吸收峰值为-17.7 dB,-5 dB频宽为1.3 GHz, 较Fe₃O₄和 SrFe₁₂O₁₉的最大吸收峰值分别提高247%和185%, 频带分别拓宽1.12 GHz和0.40 GHz。     

单壁碳纳米管-CoFe2O4双层复合材料的微波吸收特性

通过直流电弧放电法制备了高结晶性单壁碳纳米管（SWCNTs）,采用溶胶凝胶自燃法制备CoFe₂O₄,并将两种材料复合制成SWCNTs-CoFe₂O₄双层吸波材料。使用Raman光谱、XRD、SEM、TEM和矢量网络分析仪对SWCNTs和CoFe₂O₄的形貌、结构和电磁性能进行了表征,并利用传输线理论分析了SWCNTs-CoFe₂O₄双层吸波材料在2~18 GHz频带内的微波吸收性能。结果表明,相对于单一材料,SWCNTs-CoFe₂O₄双层复合材料的吸波性能得到了极大提高。当CoFe₂O₄作为匹配层、SWCNTs作为吸收层时,通过调节匹配层和吸收层的厚度,SWCNTs-CoFe₂O₄双层复合材料的最强反射损耗可以达到-61.13 dB,低于-10 dB的吸收带宽达到7 GHz （8~15 GHz）。因此,SWCNTs-CoFe₂O₄双层复合材料是一种新型的有应用前景的高吸收宽频带吸波材料。     

磁功能化石墨烯改性环氧树脂及其复合材料的性能

先以氧化石墨烯和三氯化铁为原料并用高温水热法制备还原氧化石墨烯/ Fe₃O₄(rGO/Fe₃O₄)复合物,再用其改性环氧树脂制备出rGO/Fe₃O₄/环氧树脂复合材料,研究了(rGO/Fe₃O₄)复合物的添加对其性能的影响。结果表明,(rGO/Fe₃O₄)复合物的添加量为30%的复合材料其冲击强度达到27 kJ/m²,比纯环氧树脂的冲击强度提高了58.8%。在环氧树脂中添加rGO/Fe₃O₄复合物,使其吸波性能显著提高。rGO/Fe₃O₄复合物的添加量为20%的复合材料,其反射率在小于-10 dB的频率范围为7.7~12.3 GHz,有效吸收频宽达4.6 GHz,覆盖了整个X波段。随着石墨烯含量的提高rGO/Fe₃O₄/环氧树脂复合材料达到最小反射率的位置向低频位置移动,控制rGO和Fe₃O₄的相对含量可调控这种复合材料的吸波性能。     

Phase-pure two-dimensional FexGeTe2 magnets with near-room-temperature Tc

Two-dimensional(2D)ferromagnets with out-of-plane(OOP)magnetic anisotropy are potential candidates for realizing the next-generation memory devices with ultra-low power consumption and high storage density.However,a scalable approach to synthesize 2D magnets with OOP anisotropy directly on the complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor(CMOS)compatible substrates has not yet been mainly explored,which hinders the practical application of 2D magnets.This work demonstrates a cascaded space confined chemical vapor deposition(CS-CVD)technique to synthesize 2D FexGeTe₂ ferromagnets.The weight fraction of iron(Fe)in the precursor controls the phase purity of the as-grown FexGeTe2.As a result,high-quality Fe₃GeTe₂ and Fe₅GeTe₂ flakes have been grown selectively using the CS-CVD technique.Curie temperature(Tc)of the as-grown FexGeTe2 can be up to-280 K,nearly room temperature.The thickness and temperature-dependent magnetic studies on the Fe₅GeTe₂ reveal a 2D Ising to 3D XY behavior.Also,Terahertz spectroscopy experiments on Fe₅GeTe₂ display the highest conductivity among other FexGeTe₂ 2D magnets.The results of this work indicate a scalable pathway for the direct growth and integration of 2D ternary magnets on CMOS-based substrates to develop spintronic memory devices.     

碳线圈阵列的无催化剂制备与微波吸收性能

轻质高性能碳基吸波材料的高效低成本制备是一个巨大的挑战。研究以生物质体内的维管束为模板，在无催化剂条件下成功制备了一种新型碳微米线圈阵列吸波剂。这种碳微米线圈阵列由碳微米线圈取向排列而成，包含有大孔通道、螺旋狭缝孔以及表面微孔构成的分级多孔结构。这种独特的多孔阵列结构体现了良好阻抗匹配性，有利于入射电磁波充分进入吸波体内部，增大电耦合和磁耦合作用面积，同时增加电磁波的反射和散射损耗路径，有利于电磁波吸收损耗。碳线圈表面富氧官能团提高了丰富的极化中心，增强了微波吸收的极化损耗。吸波性能结果表明，碳微米线圈阵列是一种轻质、强吸收的微波吸收体，在填料比为10%(质量分数)时，其最大有效吸收带宽(f_e)可达5.5 GHz;而填料比为15%(质量分数)时，最大反射损耗(RL_min)为-45.09 dB。这种维管束基碳线圈阵列的无催化剂制备方法可以在其他生物质中应用。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...