超声检测中的兰姆波层析成像

兰姆波作为超声导波，可以对薄板类结构实现大范围快速的检测。然而，从兰姆波数据中提取定量信息时对检测人员的技术素质提出了很高的要求。文章用兰姆波层析成像仿真实现了铝板中不同缺陷的重建图像。结果表明：采用滤波反投影算法得到的层析图像给出了关于缺陷位置和类型的信息，从而使技术人员可以方便地识别出材料中的缺陷。     

超声探伤技术在无损检测中的应用

随着我国社会的发展和进步,当前我国的科学技术也取得了较好的发展,超声探伤技术在各个领域的无损检测中都有着较为广泛的应用,如建筑、机车、医疗、锅炉等领域,本文主要分析了超声探伤技术在无损检测中的具体应用。     

超声探伤技术在无损检测中的应用

通过超声探伤技术的原理,采用分类的方法,研究其在建筑、土木、焊接、机车等方面无损检测中的各种应用。     

超声无损检测技术在金属材料焊接检测中的应用

在焊接金属材料的过程中,温度变化会改变金属材料的晶粒结构,导致其内部应力分布发生变化,构件强度降低,存在安全故障隐患。因此需要对金属缺陷进行快速、准确地检测,其中无损检测法应用广泛,其包括超声波检测和射线检测。在未焊接表面裂纹缺陷检测中,辐射超声波技术具备较高的检测效率。超声无损检测(UT)技术可以在不破坏产品、构件质量的前提下,对缺陷进行检测,为确定焊缝尺寸提供参考,在生产过程中消除风险,该文对超声无损检测技术在金属材料焊接中的应用进行了研究。     

相控阵超声在浮力材料无损检测中的应用

本文采用相控阵超声技术对浮力材料预制缺陷进行无损检测,结果表明相控阵超声技术对浮力材料缺陷检测是可行的。     

无损检测技术在装备中的应用

无损检测技术对构成系统的部件进行检测，确保装备可靠性，避免损失，提高部队战斗力，节约经费。本文介绍了无损检测技术在装备硷测中的作用，以及现代无损检测技术的发展，介绍了红外热成像法、超声检测法、涡流法和磁检测法在无损检测中的应用，并阐明了各种方法的优劣及适用领域。     

无损检测技术在建筑工程检测中的应用分析

在对建筑工程进行质量检验过程中,大多数施工企业都会选择检测技术进行质量分析,但是在大量实践中发现,传统技术存在明显局限性,在建筑工程中的应用很容易对工程整体造成影响,限制了建筑工程整体质量的提升和发展。要想避免出现传统检测技术对工程的损伤问题,在研究和发展基础上,无损检测技术得到了更为显著的发展,在这项技术应用过程中,不会对建筑工程造成损害,并且技术优势更为显著,所以在当前我国建筑工程发展中有着十分广泛的应用。     

浅谈无损检测技术在建筑工程检测中的应用

对于钢结构来讲,其不断的被用到那些规模较大的而且层数非常高的建筑之中,此时检测科技就朝着更为积极合理的方向发展迈进。文章论述的无损检测措施,在当前提升建筑品质的关键要素,其具有的意义很是显著。     

Neural classification of Lamb wave ultrasonic weld testing signalsusing wavelet coefficients

This paper presents an ultrasonic nondestructive weld testing method based on the wavelet transform (WT) of inspection signals and their classification by a neural network (NN). The use of Lamb waves generated by an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) as a probe allows us to test metallic welds. In this work, the case of an aluminum weld is treated. The feature extraction is made by using a method of analysis based on the WT of the ultrasonic testing signals; a classification process of the features based on a neural classifier to interpret the results in terms of weld quality concludes the process. The aim of this complete process of analysis and classification of the testing ultrasonic signals is to lead to an automated system of weld or structure testing. Results of real-world ultrasonic Lamb wave signal analysis and classifications for an aluminum weld are presented; these demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method     

Air-coupled Lamb wave tomography

An entirely air-coupled inspection system using a pair of micromachined silicon capacitance transducers has been used to image defects in thin plates of different materials (0.7 mm to 2.22 mm thick) using air-coupled Lamb wave tomography. A filtered back projection algorithm was used in a form of difference tomography to reconstruct images of defects up to 10 mm diameter machined in aluminium and perspex (Plexiglas) plates, as well as in samples of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). The technique was able to resolve non-central defects as well as multiple flaws within the scan area. This flexible tomographic system was able to produce images of the change in a variety of different acoustic variables from only one set of experimental data, with success dependent on the size, shape, and location of the defect in the scan area.     

基于经验小波变换的干耦合超声检测Lamb波信号分析

为提取出干耦合Lamb波检测信号中的有用信息,采用经验小波变换(empirical wavelet transform,EWT)对检测信号进行分析。首先定义一组经验尺度和经验小波函数,根据傅里叶变换结果对信号频谱进行分割,提取出围绕中心频率具有紧支撑特性的不同频段;然后通过选择合适函数,建立紧支撑的小波框架;最后对信号进行经验小波变换,得到不同的分解模态。针对玻璃纤维复合材料板的干耦合Lamb波检测实验结果表明:采用EWT方法能够分解出信号中不同的固有模态,揭示信号的频率结构,区分缺陷的大小,反映Lamb波传播特性。与经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)方法相比,EWT方法计算量小,分解模态少,没有虚假和无法解释的分量,显示该方法的优越性。     

Continuous wave ultrasonic tomography

As an object rotates with respect to a stationary ultrasonic beam, the scattering centers within the object return echoes that are Doppler-shifted in frequency by amounts depending on the velocities of the individual scatterers. The scattering centers that lie on a line of constant cross-range all have the same effective velocity in the direction pointing toward the transducer; therefore, the backscattered echo amplitude at any particular frequency is the line integral of the scattered radiation at the cross-range corresponding to that frequency. The amplitudes of the returned signals at other frequencies give the line integrals for the scatterers at the corresponding cross-ranges. The amplitude as a function of frequency can be interpreted as a tomographic projection. A continuum of the projections at different positions is generated while the object is rotating. A tomographic reconstruction algorithm can produce an image of the distribution of scattering centers in the insonified object from these projections. A microscanner was developed to investigate the approach of using continuous wave (CW) ultrasound for cross-sectional imaging. The resolution is limited by the target size and the ultrasonic wavelength.     

Lamb波CT成像的实验研究

根据Ｘ射线ＣＴ成像原理和方法，利用Ｌａｍｂ波对薄层铝板的人工伤进行了ＣＴ成像的实验研究，得到较好的成像结果。     

管道超声导波无损检测技术应用研究

利用研制的磁致伸缩超声导波无损检测装置对长直无缝钢管、舰用锅炉U型管和弯管进行了大量试验研究．研究发现，通过对该装置中磁致伸缩传感器的放置位置及方向进行适当调整，此装置即可在管道中激发纵向导波；该技术对管道壁厚减薄、磨损或腐蚀、裂纹、焊缝等缺陷同样具有检测能力；选择低频（20～40kHz）激励脉冲信号有利于减少波的发散特性和提高缺陷的检测能力；导波在管道中传播衰减缓慢，适用于长距离、大范围、快速、非接触管道检测．     

固-液-固3层结构板中超声兰姆波的频散特性

文章采用传统矩阵方法研究固－液－固3层结构板中兰姆波的传播,数值计算结果证明了用该方法分析层状材料中的兰姆波的有效性与实用性,文章计算出的多种频散曲线对超声兰姆波的应用是有益的。     

Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic Lamb wave transducers using rectangular membranes

This paper details the theory, fabrication, and characterization of a new Lamb wave device. Built using capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs), the structure described uses rectangular membranes to excite and receive Lamb waves on a silicon substrate. An equivalent circuit model for the transducer is proposed that produces results, which match well with those observed by experiment. During the derivation of this model, emphasis is placed on the resistance presented to the transducer membranes by the Lamb wave modes. Finite element analysis performed in this effort shows that the dominant propagating mode in the device is the lowest order antisymmetric flexural wave (A/sub 0/). Furthermore, most of the power that couples into the Lamb wave is due to energy in the vibrating membrane that is transferred to the substrate through the supporting posts of the device. The manufacturing process of the structure, which relies solely on fundamental IC-fabrication techniques, is also discussed. The resulting device has an 18 /spl mu/m-thick substrate that is almost entirely made up of crystalline silicon and operates at a frequency of 2.1 MHz. The characterization of this device includes S-parameter and laser vibrometer measurements as well as delay-line transmission data. The insertion loss, as determined by both S-parameter and delay-line transmission measurements, is 20 dB at 2.1 MHz. When configured as a delay-line oscillator, the device functions well as a sensor with sensitivity to changes in the mass loading of its substrate.     

Laser-based non-destructive testing techniques for the ultrasonic characterization of subsurface flaws

Laser generation and detection of ultrasound has been used for remote characterization of flat-bottomed holes, acting as subsurface flaws, drilled into an aluminium test sample. A pulsed Nd:YAG laser system was used to generate the ultrasonic source whilst a HeNe laser interferometer detected the subsequent surface displacements. The technique allows both the width and depth of flawa to be assessed. Moreover, an analysis of the data shows that the method is particularly suited to detection of flaws ≤ 4 mm below the surface of the sample, a region which is difficult to inspect by conventional contact ultrasonic techniques.