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1.
An improved analytical method for the determination of acrylamide in coffee is described using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometric detection (LC-MS). A variety of instant, ground and laboratory roasted coffee samples were analysed using this method. The sample preparation entails extraction of acrylamide with methanol, purification with Carrez I and II solutions, evaporation and solvent change to water, and clean-up with an Oasis HLB solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. The chromatographic conditions allowed separation of acrylamide and the remaining matrix co-extractives with accurate and precise quantification of acrylamide during MS detection in SIM mode. Recoveries for the spiking levels of 50, 100, 250 and 500 µg/kg ranged between 99 and 100% with relative standard deviations of less than 2%. The effects of roasting on the formation of acrylamide and colour development were also investigated at 150, 200 and 225°C. Change in the CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) a* colour value was found to show a good correlation with the change in acrylamide. CIE a* and acrylamide data was fitted to a non-linear logarithmic function for the estimation of acrylamide level in coffee. Measured acrylamide levels in commercial roasted coffees compared well with the predicted acrylamide levels from the CIE a* values. 相似文献
2.
Fosca Vezzulli Terenzio Bertuzzi Silvia Rastelli Annalisa Mulazzi Milena Lambri 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2021,56(12):6765-6776
Specialty coffee (SC) has been showing an increasing interest from the consumers which appreciate its traceability and the peculiar flavours from each single origin. Additionally, the processes to which coffee fruits underwent to get green coffee characterise the beans in terms of macromolecules acting as substrates during the roasting. This work evaluates via sensory analysed eight SC, roasted at light, medium, and dark level, submitted to Italian espresso extraction, to assess how different roasting levels exalt the expected cup profile obtained by the suppliers via cupping in origin countries. Finally, roasted beans were characterised for physico-chemical features (pH, titratable acidity, caffeine, melanoidins, polyphenols and acrylamide). Sensory analysis demonstrated that the intermediate roasting level and espresso extraction match better attributes from in-origin cupping. Melanoidins (mmol g−1 coffee d.b.) was able to discriminate among roasting levels (light 0.12 ± 0.01; medium 0.13 ± 0.003; dark 0.14 ± 0.01; α = 0.05). Acrylamide analyses ensured compliance with the food safety standards (light 301.9 ± 37.2 ppb; medium 126.1±19ppb; dark 107.9 ± 22.5ppb). Physico-chemical features were able to cluster samples from different origins within the same roasting level (α = 0.05). Results showed correlations (α = 0.01) between sensory analysis and physico-chemical values: direct for caffeine and astringency, reverse for perceived acidity in relation to astringency, roasted, dried fruits and nutty notes. 相似文献
3.
Yuzo Mizukami Mitsuru Yoshida Hiroshi Ono 《Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment》2016,33(2):225-235
This paper investigated acrylamide elution from roasted barley grain into mugicha and its formation during roasting of the grain. Mugicha is an infusion of roasted barley grains. Highly water-soluble acrylamide was easily extracted to mugicha from milled roasted barley grains in teabags. On the other hand, the acrylamide concentration in mugicha prepared from loose grain increased with longer simmering and steeping times. During roasting in a drum roaster, the acrylamide concentration of the grain increased as the surface temperature rose, reaching a maximum at 180–240°C. Above this temperature, the acrylamide concentration decreased with continued roasting, exhibiting an inverted ‘U’-shaped curve. For most of the samples, the acrylamide concentration showed good correlation with the value of the colour space parameter L*. The dark-coloured roasted barley grains with lower L* values contained lower amounts of acrylamide as a result of deep roasting. The level of asparagine in barley grains was found to be a significant factor related to acrylamide formation in roasted barley products. The data are an important contribution to the mitigation of acrylamide intake from mugicha. 相似文献
4.
K. M. Wilson E. B. Rimm K. M. Thompson L. A. Mucci 《Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit》2006,1(1):19-27
In April 2002, researchers from the Swedish National Food Administration reported that they had detected elevated levels of
acrylamide in commonly consumed baked and fried foods. Acrylamide is known as a neurotoxin in humans and as a carcinogen in
experimental animals, and it is classified as a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer
(IARC, 1994). Therefore, the discovery that the compound forms naturally during high-heat cooking of starchy foods caused
substantial alarm in Sweden and worldwide. Within months of the initial Swedish report, national governments and food companies
began their own investigations on acrylamide in foods and discussed the potential impact of dietary acrylamide on the public’s
health. The discovery also provoked public debate among scientists about the importance of the finding because of the relative
lack of data in humans on the one hand and the knowledge that acrylamide in high doses is genotoxic in cell and animal studies
on the other. Since 2002, researchers have engaged in a wide range of studies spanning across disciplines. In this review,
we summarize the current state of knowledge on acrylamide in foods. We discuss the formation and intake of acrylamide in foods,
present evidence for carcinogenicity in cell and animal studies, and examine the findings from epidemiological studies of
occupational and dietary exposures. We conclude with a discussion of future directions in the field.
Zusammenfassung (Redaktion). Im April des Jahres 2002 berichteten Forscher der nationalen, schwedischen Lebensmittelbeh?rde über den erh?hten Gehalt an Acrylamid in gebackenen oder frittierten, üblicherweise verzehrten Lebensmitteln. Acrylamid gilt in Bezug auf den Menschen als Neurotoxin und hat sich in Tierversuchen als karzinogen erwiesen; die International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) hat Acrylamid als potenziell karzinogen für den Menschen eingestuft. Daher hat die Entdeckung, dass sich diese Substanz natürlicherweise beim starken Erhitzen von st?rkereichen Lebensmitteln bildet, erhebliche Beunruhigung in Schweden und weltweit ausgel?st. Schon wenige Monate, nachdem der schwedische Report über Acrylamid in Lebensmitteln erschienen war, wurden von den Regierungen verschiedener Staaten und auch von der Lebensmittelindustrie eigene, diesbezügliche Forschungsprogramme veranlasst. Der potenzielle Einfluss des Acrylamids in Lebensmitteln auf die Gesundheit der Bev?lkerung wurde ebenso diskutiert wie die Bedeutung dieser Entdeckung angesichts der Tatsache, dass für Menschen zwar kaum Daten vorliegen, dass aber Acrylamid in hohen Dosen auf Zellkulturen und Versuchstiere genotoxisch wirkt. Seit dem Jahr 2002 ist diesen offenen Fragen im Rahmen mehrerer Disziplin-übergreifender Forschungsvorhaben nachgegangen worden. Im vorliegenden Review wird der derzeitige Wissensstand über Acrylamid in Lebensmitteln vorgestellt. Die Autoren diskutieren die Bildung von Acrylamid in und seine Aufnahme mit Lebensmitteln, besprechen seine karzinogenen Eigenschaften in Versuchen mit Zellkulturen oder Tieren und analysieren die Ergebnisse epidemiologischer Studien. Zukünftige Entwicklungen werden er?rtert.相似文献
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Merajfatima B. Shaikh Kavita M. Tarade Vikas R. Bharadwaj Uday S. Annapure Rekha S. Singhal 《Food chemistry》2009
The formation of acrylamide in papads processed by flame roasting, frying and microwave roasting as a function of the alkaline salt, papad khar and its substitute, 2:1 sodium carbonate:sodium bicarbonate (w/w) at various concentrations was examined. Addition of papad khar and 2:1 sodium carbonate:sodium bicarbonate makes the product alkaline, which is known to be conducive for the formation of acrylamide. While a correlation was found between acrylamide content and pH with respect to fried and flame roasted papads, microwave roasting did not show any acrylamide formation at all the levels of alkaline salts tested in this study. Flame roasting generated higher levels of acrylamide as compared to frying. Use of microwave roasting is therefore recommended as a consumer-friendly, healthy and safe technology for processing papads. 相似文献
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Sonia Asadi Mehran Aalami Shahram Shoeibi Mehdi Kashaninejad Mohammad Ghorbani Mostafa Delavar 《Food Science & Nutrition》2020,8(6):2875-2881
Drying and roasting are conventional processes in the nut industry. However, roasting as an important procedure in nuts manufacturing may cause some physicochemical changes in nuts. Acrylamide is one of these chemical compounds that is formed due to the roasting process. Acrylamide is known as a neurotoxicant, carcinogen, and reproductive toxicant. In this study, raw and salted pistachios were roasted under three conditions including hot‐air, infrared (IR), and microwave methods. Then, 80 pistachio kernels were analyzed by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that all samples contained different ranges of acrylamide between 57 ± 0.86 and 851 ± 2.8 μg/kg. Besides, raw pistachios and sun‐dried pistachios also contained acrylamide, with the amount of 57 ± 0.86 and 93 ± 1.07 μg/kg, respectively. The highest acrylamide amount was found in raw pistachio (unsalted) roasted by IR method, while lower acrylamide amount observed in the microwave method. The amount of acrylamide in salted and roasted pistachios was less than just roasted pistachios under the same conditions. Finally, in all the treatments, increasing temperature, time, voltage, and power lead to an increase in acrylamide levels. The results showed that acrylamide in the roasted pistachios may cause health problems. This study presents a novel investigation in the effects of roasting conditions (temperature, power, voltage, and time) on acrylamide content in pistachios. 相似文献
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Kiralan M 《Journal of food science》2012,77(4):C481-C484
The volatile compounds in raw, conventionally roasted and microwave roasted black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds at 0.45 kW for 2, 4, and 8 min, were analyzed by headspace-SPME gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Among the 38 volatile compounds identified, the major compounds were thymoquinone and p-cymene in all samples. The levels of these compounds decreased with roasting. However, concentrations of pyrazines and furans increased significantly as a result of roasting and these compounds may affect the flavor of roasted black cumin seeds. Methyl pyrazine and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine were major pyrazines, formed at high concentration in seeds roasted for 8 min and in conventional roasting. 相似文献
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采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用技术对微波烘烤和烘箱烘烤处理的6个低温压榨花生饼样品风味进行分析,并对鉴定的挥发性风味成分进行主成分分析(PCA)和聚类分析(CA),以便对各样品的风味相似性进行明确评价。结果表明:从6个样品中共鉴定出91种挥发性风味物质,包括醛类(10种)、酮类(4种)、醇类(6种)、烃类(4种)、酚类(5种)、吡嗪类(25种)、呋喃类(9种)、吡咯类(7种)、吡啶类(7种)及其他(14种);烘箱烘烤处理的低温压榨花生饼中醛类、醇类物质的相对含量较高,而微波烘烤处理更有利于吡嗪类、吡咯类、吡啶类、呋喃类等含氮氧杂环化合物的形成;采用PCA和CA可以区分不同加热处理的低温压榨花生饼风味,其中烘箱160℃烘烤15 min、烘箱170℃烘烤15 min和540 W微波2 min样品的风味轮廓相似度较高,540 W微波3 min、烘箱180℃烘烤15 min和540 W微波4 min样品风味较相似,此外PCA与CA结果一致,可相互验证。 相似文献
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Roasted peanut color and volatiles were evaluated for different time and temperature combinations of roasting. Raw peanuts were oven roasted at 135 to 204 °C, microwave roasted for 1 to 3 min, or combination roasted by microwave and oven roasting for various times and temperatures. Volatiles were measured using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry. L* values were used to categorize peanuts as under‐roasted, ideally roasted, and over‐roasted. The total roasting time in order to achieve ideal color was not shortened by most of the combination treatments compared to their oven roasted equivalents. Oven before microwave roasting compared to the reverse was found to significantly increase the L* value. Peanuts with the same color had different volatile levels. Hexanal concentrations decreased then increased with roasting. Pyrazine levels increased as roasting time increased, although oven at 177 °C treatments had the highest and microwave treatments had the lowest levels. Volatile levels generally increased as roasting time or temperature increased. Oven 177 °C for 15 min generally had the highest level of volatiles among the roasting treatments tested. Soft independent modeling of class analogies based on volatile levels showed that raw peanuts were the most different, commercial samples were the most similar to each other, and oven, microwave, and combination roasting were all similar in volatile profile. 相似文献
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目的 比较焙烤和微波条件对核桃油中气味化合物的影响。方法 采用气相色谱—质谱分析(GC-MS)对焙烤核桃油(140 ℃焙烤15,30 min;160 ℃焙烤15,30 min)和微波核桃油(700 W处理1,3,5,7 min)中气味化合物进行鉴定。结果 共鉴定出74种气味化合物,且随着焙烤温度的增高以及微波时间的延长,气味化合物的质量分数逐渐增加。醛类和杂环类是核桃油中最主要的气味化合物。焙烤核桃油(160 ℃ 烘焙30 min)和微波核桃油(700 W处理7 min)中的关键气味化合物为3-甲基丁醛、戊醛、苯乙醛、2,3-丁二酮、2,3-戊二酮、2-戊基呋喃和2-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪。焙烤核桃油(160 ℃烘焙15~30 min)和微波核桃油(720 W处理7 min)的焙烤气味最强;其次是焙烤核桃油(140 ℃烘焙30 min)和微波核桃油(720 W处理3~5 min);而焙烤核桃油(140 ℃烘焙15 min)和微波核桃油(720 W处理1 min)的焙烤气味最弱。结论 焙烤通过高温长时间加热(160 ℃焙烤30 min)更有利于杂环类化合物的生成,而微波处理在较短时间内(7 min)即可达到与高温焙烤相当的风味强度,均可有效提升核桃油的风味强度。 相似文献
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Ren Li Qi Wang Hui Peng Guoliang Zhao Dongjie Zhang Zhijiang Li 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2022,57(4):2510-2522
The effect of microwave treatment on phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, and phenolic in vitro bioaccessibility of white and red sorghum was evaluated. After microwave treatment for 40 s, the contents of free, bound, and total phenolics in white and red sorghum increased by 15.6–42.6, 4.0–23.4, and 19.7–66.0 mg gallic acid equivalents 100 g−1 dry weight (DW), respectively, and the contents of free, bound, and total flavonoids increased by 9.4–11.2, 4.8–5.4, and 14.2–16.6 mg rutin equivalents 100 g−1 DW, respectively. With increasing microwave treatment time, the contents of phenolic acids and flavonoids in white and red sorghum first increased and then decreased. Additionally, the changes in antioxidant capacity indicated a similar trend with phenolic contents for white and red sorghum. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion indicated that microwave treatment had no effect on the phenolic bioaccessibility of white and red sorghum but increased the release amount of phenolic acid and antioxidant capacity. 相似文献
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建立了方便面中丙烯酰胺的液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法.样品用水提取,酶解,净化.以水(0.1%甲酸):乙腈=90:10(V/V)为流动相经反相色谱柱分离后,采用液相色谱串联质谱多反应监测正离子模式检测,丙烯酰胺定性定量离子对为m/z72.10/55.00,同位素内标物定性定量离子对为75.00/58.00.空白样品及其添加实验结果表明,特征离子相对强度比值稳定,无基质干扰,结合保留时间可实现准确的定性定量,方法检出限为25μg/kg(S/N=3),样本添咖水平在5~200μg/kg时,平均回收率为68.1~90.1%,相对偏差(n=6)为4.3%~6.1%.该方法前处理简单、回收率高、精密度好,可满足方便面中丙烯酰胺的确证分析要求. 相似文献
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采用密闭微波消解羊栖菜样品,在优化测定条件的基础上,建立微波消解ICP-MS法同时测定羊栖菜中Al、As、Ba、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Pb、Mg和Zn 13种元素的方法。选用Sc、Ge、In、Bi 4种元素作内标液校正基体效应,13种待测元素的检出限分别为0.004~1.90 μg/L,RSD为1.04~3.65%,加标回收率为91.92~109.36%,对标准物质样品分析的结果与所给参考值吻合。该方法简便、快速、准确,可适用于羊栖菜的日常检验,并且对羊栖菜的养殖和加工业的质量控制都具有重要的意义。从健康风险指数来看,食用羊栖菜后人体健康风险较低,不会对暴露人群构成明显的危害。 相似文献
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以微波功率密度、烘焙时间、滚轴转速、风速为试验因素,以咖啡豆的堆积密度、烘焙色度值作为评价指标,优化得出最佳烘焙工艺参数为微波功率密度8 W/g,烘焙时间12min,滚轴转速70r/min,风速1.5m/s。通过实验验证,该优化工艺参数下的微波烘焙咖啡豆成品堆积密度为0.286g/mL,由咖啡烘焙程度分析仪测得的烘焙色度值为32.1,烘焙程度为深焙,未出现焦化现象,品质良好,与常规烘焙的对比证明了微波烘焙咖啡的可行性及其优势;通过回归分析得到微波烘焙下咖啡豆的破裂力预测模型,修正后决定系数为0.988,模型拟合良好,破裂力F与堆积密度ρb、烘焙色度值C之间存在非常显著的二次回归关系。 相似文献
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双波长测定高粱中支链淀粉比例 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用622nm和550nm双波长比色法测定高梁中支链淀粉,运用微波溶解溶胀淀粉,测定结果:标准曲线线性相关系数R趋于1,相对误差仅为0.25%。测定结果的重复性、稳定性都较单波长好。 相似文献
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用微波消解,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定小米和高粱米中的金属元素。试验结果表明,2种粗粮中富含多种对人体有益的K,Na、Ca、Mg、Al、Fe、Zn、Cu等金属元素。对比发现,高粱米中各种金属元素的含量远远超过大米,8种金属元素的含量均是大米的几十至几百倍;小米中的各种金属元素的含量也超过大米。可见小米和高粱米是人们饮食中很好的矿物质来源。方法回收率在92.0%~102.0%之间,相对标准偏差小于4.8%。方法操作简单,分析速度快,准确度高,灵敏度好。 相似文献
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目的 建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)测定五味子中16种金属元素含量的分析方法,对检出的有害元素进行膳食风险评估。方法 采用微波消解法处理样品, 120℃赶酸至1 mL左右后, ICP-MS法测定五味子样品中16种元素含量。测定结果采用Minitab 15软件进行元素相关性分析,并结合可耐受最高摄入量(tolerable upper intake level,UL)和目标危害系数/总目标危害系数(target hazard quotient/total target hazard quotient, THQ/TTHQ)法对五味子中有害元素进行膳食风险评估。结果 五味子中含有多种金属元素, Mn、Zn元素含量较高。Mn、Cu、Zn、Se、Mo元素摄入量与UL比值小于1, Cu、As、Cd、Cr的THQ小于1,表明食用五味子无健康风险。结论 五味子中重金属污染水平整体较低,只有Cr元素膳食风险计算值相对Cu、As、Cd膳食风险计算值较高,但不足以对人体健康造成影响。 相似文献