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排序方式: 共有148条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Davoodi A. Khandelwal V. Srivastava A. 《Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, IEEE Transactions on》2004,12(10):1066-1075
In this paper, we propose a novel, empirical, and parameterizable model for estimating the probability distribution of wire length for each net in a placed netlist. The model is simple and fast to compute. We did extensive experimentation with state-of-the-art commercial (Cadence) and academic (Parquet and Labyrinth) tools and validated our model. Our distribution model was around three times more accurate than assuming half-perimeter bounding box as the fixed net-length estimate. Since the model is parameterizable it can be easily tailored for different routing tools and benchmarks. This model would be very useful in defining a full fledged probabilistic design automation methodology in which various design metrics are optimized from a probabilistic point of view. We also discuss the application of our model in a novel probabilistic approach to the buffer insertion problem. 相似文献
2.
The frequent difficulties encountered in the diagnosis of pediatric sarcomas, caused by the lack of observable differentiation at the light microscopic level, has led to the routine use of immunohistochemistry in pediatric surgical pathology. To a large degree the advent of this staining technique has led to the correct assessment of many perplexing lesions that previously would have been given inconclusive diagnoses. However, with increased usage and testing, it has become apparent that there are few, if any, "magic bullets" in immunohistochemistry for pediatric pathologists. Thus, it behooves diagnosticians to be careful in the usage of this technique, to be aware of possible discrepancies in its results, and to remember the ancillary nature of its application. The following article will review selected markers commonly used in pediatric surgical pathology, from both previous reports and the author's perspective, and will briefly consider several new phenotypic markers which have potential utility with childhood sarcomas. 相似文献
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4.
Manohar Kakunuri Nandula D. Wanasekara Chandra S. Sharma Mudrika Khandelwal Stephen J. Eichhorn 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2017,134(15)
Three‐dimensional polymer nanofibrous mats with tunable wettability have been fabricated using a single step non‐conductive template assisted electrospinning process. Cellulose acetate nanofibers are electrospun over a nylon mesh, which acts as the template. The as‐deposited fiber mat is removed from this template to produce a free standing three‐dimensional micropatterned nanofibrous mat. By simply varying the template mesh dimensions, the fraction of the air‐liquid interface can be changed which allows control of the wetting mechanics. It is shown that the water contact angle can be varied from about 30° for a planar network to about 140° for a patterned mat implying a complete transition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic behavior. Furthermore, upon stretching the fiber mat loses its pattern irreversibly and reducing the contact angle from 140° to 110° with increasing stretching. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44709. 相似文献
5.
Poly[2-(3-thienyl)ethyl acetate] (PTEtAc) was chemically synthesized and transformed to partially hydrolyzed PTEtAc (PTEtAcOH) and poly[2-(3-thienyl)ethanol] (PTEtOH). The influence of the acetoxy and hydroxyl terminal functionalities in the side groups on the electrochemical properties of these polyalkylthiophenes was studied by cyclic voltammetry and in situ FTIR spectroelectrochemistry. The cyclic voltammograms point to a chemically reversible behaviour of the p-doping process for PTEtAc and PTEtAcOH, while for PTEtOH the redox activity of the polymer film is lost during consecutive potential scans.The attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used to investigate the p-doping of the three different type of thiophene polymer films. In situ FTIR spectra taken at different electrode potentials in a cyclovoltammetric scan display the doping induced changes of the polymer pattern. Important differences in the behaviour of the polymers were observed and interpreted in terms of different film structures. 相似文献
6.
Khandelwal V. Srivastava A. 《Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, IEEE Transactions on》2007,15(2):206-215
The impact of parameter variations on timing due to process variations has become significant in recent years. In this paper, we present a statistical timing analysis (STA) framework with quadratic gate delay models that also captures spatial correlations. Our technique does not make any assumption about the distribution of the parameter variations, gate delays, and arrival times. We propose a Taylor-series expansion-based quadratic representation of gate delays and arrival times which are able to effectively capture the nonlinear dependencies that arise due to increasing parameter variations. In order to reduce the computational complexity introduced due to quadratic modeling during STA, we also propose an efficient linear modeling driven quadratic STA scheme. We ran two sets of experiments assuming the global parameters to have uniform and Gaussian distributions, respectively. On an average, the quadratic STA scheme had 20.5times speedup in runtime as compared to Monte Carlo simulations with an rms error of 0.00135 units between the two timing cummulative density functions (CDFs). The linear modeling driven quadratic STA scheme had 51.5times speedup in runtime as compared to Monte Carlo simulations with an rms error of 0.0015 units between the two CDFs. Our proposed technique is generic and can be applied to arbitrary variations in the underlying parameters under any spatial correlation model 相似文献
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8.
Kiran R. Chaudhari Abhinesh Kumar Vinoth Kumar Megraj Khandelwal Anil K. Mishra Jukka Monkkonen Rayasa S. Ramachandra Murthy 《Advanced functional materials》2012,22(19):4101-4114
In an attempt to improve tumor localization of docetaxel (DTX)‐loaded nanoparticles (NPs), zoledronic acid (ZOL) is used as a ligand to target bone metastasis. DTX‐loaded ZOL‐conjugated polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated polybutyl cyanoacrylate (PBCA) NPs are prepared using an anionic polymerization technique. PBCA‐PEG‐ZOL NPs are subjected to cytotoxic assay in both BO2 and MCF‐7 cell lines. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by the PBCA‐PEG‐ZOL NPs are studied. Quantitative cellular uptake, NP uptake route characterization, confocal microscopy and IPP/ApppI levels are performed. PBCA‐PEG‐ZOL NPs show an enhanced cytotoxic effect in both BO2 as well as MCF‐7 cell lines due to higher uptake following ZOL‐mediated endocytosis. The molecular basis of apoptosis reveals the involvement of a cytoplasmic protein in activating the programmed cell death pathway. Route characterization studies reveal that PBCA‐PEG‐ZOL NPs uptake is not completely blocked even by using both inhibitors (genistein and phenyl arsinoxide) simultaneously, conferring that uptake is not entirely based upon clathrin or caveolae. PBCA‐PEG‐ZOL NPs showed 7 and 5.3 times increase in IPP and ApppI production, in comparison to ZOL treatment, and 138 times higher than the control group in MCF‐7 cell line. In BO2 cell line, after treatment with NPs, IPP was 5.35 times higher than ZOL solution. No ApppI in BO2 cell line after treatment with NPs and ZOL solution was found. NP distribution in tumor infected bone is also significantly high in comparison to the normal bone at any time point. It is concluded that ZOL‐conjugated NPs provide an efficient and targeted delivery of DTX, with synergistic effects. Thus, these NPs present a promising treatment in the near future, by actively targeting metastatic tumor. 相似文献
9.
Ankit Khandelwal Rahil Gupta Radhapiyari Laishram K. Chandramani Singh 《Ceramics International》2019,45(8):10371-10379
Conventional solid state sintering method was used to synthesize lead-free (Ba0.91Ca0.09Sn0.07Ti0.93)O3-xHo2O3 (x?=?0, 1.2,1.4,1.6,1.8 and 2.0?mol%) ceramics. The influence on electrical properties of the system as a result of the structural and microstructural changes introduced by the incorporation of rare earth Ho3+ ions has been investigated. The X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that Ho3+ ions completely diffuse into the (Ba0.91Ca0.09Sn0.07Ti0.93)O3 lattice to form a homogeneous solid solution with a pure perovskite structure having tetragonal symmetry. Evidence of Ho3+ substituting Ti4+ via the oxygen vacancy compensation mechanism exists in the range of 0–1.6?mol % Ho content, while the self-compensation mode is the preferred mechanism beyond 1.6?mol %. The average grain size exhibits a drastic reduction from 16?μm to 0.7?μm as the Ho content increases from 0 to 1.6?mol%, followed by a slight increase at higher Ho concentration. It suggests that addition of Ho3+ inhibits grain growth in the ceramics. In the composition range studied, increasing Ho3+ content produces a gradual decrease in the relative density from 93% to 81%, room temperature dielectric constant (εrt) from 3997 to 807, electromechanical coupling factor (kp) from 0.23 to 0.06, and piezoelectric charge constant (d33) from 102 to 38?pC/N. This degradation in the properties is attributed to the crystalline and microstructural changes driven by the increasing presence of Ho content in the ceramics. 相似文献
10.
Amit Kumar Khandelwal Vinod Kumar Nigam Bijan Choudhury Medicherla Krishna Mohan Purnendu Ghosh 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2007,82(7):646-651
A new thermostable nitrilase‐producing isolate identified as Streptomyces sp. MTCC 7546 has been studied extensively for the optimization of enzyme production operating in batch mode. The benzonitrile was observed as inducer of nitrilase production. The isolate showed maximum nitrilase production after 24 h of incubation at optimal conditions. The strain grows well on a variety of carbon sources and produces the nitrilase that catalyses the hydrolysis of nitriles to acids without formation of amides. The enzyme is mostly active against mono‐ and di‐aliphatic nitriles (10 mmol L?1) at pH of 7.4 and at a temperature of 50 °C. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献