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1.
Chel-Jong Choi Tae-Yeon Seong Key-Min Lee Joo-Hyoung Lee Young-Jin Park Hi-Deok Lee 《Electron Device Letters, IEEE》2002,23(4):188-190
The leakage mechanism in p+/n shallow junctions fabricated using Co silicidation and shallow trench isolation processes has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with selective chemical etching. TEM and TSUPREM-4 simulation results show that dopant profiles bend upward near the edge of the active region. The formation of the abnormal profile is attributed to transient enhanced diffusion induced by source/drain implantation. Based on the TEM and simulation results, it is suggested that the shallower junctions formed near the active edge can serve as a source for leakage current in the silicided p+ /n shallow junctions 相似文献
2.
Marginal costs of electricity vary by time and location. In the past, researchers attributed the variations to factors related to electricity generation and transmission. These authors, however, have not analyzed possible variations in marginal distribution capacity costs (MDCC). The objectives of this paper are:
- 1. (i) to show that large MDCC variations are due to the dispersion in distribution capital expenditures by time and space,
- 2. (ii) to propose a method for quantifying the area- and time-specific MDCC in the presence of lumpy investments, and
- 3. (iii) to compare our MDCC estimates to those commonly used in the electric utility industry.
3.
Meng Wai Woo 《Drying Technology》2008,26(1):15-26
Current methods in alleviating the wall deposition problem in spray drying emphasize mainly controlling the stickiness of the drying particles and less attention is placed on the properties of the dryer wall. In this experimental study, the effect of wall surface properties on the deposition mechanism has been investigated. Properties considered in classifying different wall materials were surface energy, roughness, and dielectric properties. The model solution contained sucrose, representing low-molecular-weight sugars commonly encountered in spray drying of fruit and vegetable juices. The effect of wall properties on deposition was explored at different drying rates producing particles of different surface rigidity. Larger surface roughness produced higher deposition fluxes for particles with high impact velocity and moisture. Surface energy and surface roughness were found to have no significant effect for dry rigid particles at the middle and bottom elevation of the drying chamber. However, material with lower surface energy (Teflon) exhibited less deposition for rubbery particles at such elevations. Analysis shows that dielectric wall material (Teflon) tends to enhance deposition of dry particles because of attrition at the surface. Higher wall temperature was found to produce slightly more deposition. The results of this work give a general indication of the effect of wall material on the deposition problem and provide the fundamental understanding for further studies along this line. Proper selection of dryer wall material will provide potential alternatives for reducing the deposition problem. 相似文献
4.
An experimental investigation was carried out to examine the tribological behavior of NAO (non-asbestos organic) type brake linings containing different volume ratios of graphite and antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3). A scale dynamometer was used for friction tests and particular emphases were given to the effect of applied pressure, sliding speed, and temperature on the coefficient of friction according to the relative amounts of the two solid lubricants. Results showed that the brake linings with both solid lubricants exhibited better friction stability and less speed sensitivity than the friction materials containing a single solid lubricant. In particular, the brake lining containing higher concentrations of graphite showed better fade resistance than others during high-temperature friction test. 相似文献
5.
Traditional homogenization techniques are not useful when the microstructural scale of a material is of the same order of magnitude as the structural scale of a component. Such is the case for many textile composites. Since discrete modeling of the microstructure throughout a component is prohibitively expensive, continuum finite elements are needed which account for the microstructure within a single element. This paper describes a simple substructuring technique for formulating these special elements. 相似文献
6.
PN Hawkins S Richardson DM Vigushin J David CR Kelsey RE Gray MA Hall P Woo JP Lavender MB Pepys 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1993,36(6):842-851
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate aspects of the natural history of AA amyloidosis complicating juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), and its response to therapy with chlorambucil. METHODS: Scintigraphy and 7-day turnover studies were performed in JRA patients with histologically proven (n = 35) or clinically suspected (n = 30) AA amyloidosis, following intravenous injection of 123I and 125I-labeled serum amyloid P component (SAP). Prospective monitoring studies were performed over 2-3 years in 20 patients with amyloidosis. All but 2 amyloidosis patients were treated with chlorambucil. RESULTS: Positive scanning results were obtained in all patients in whom imaging was performed within 12 years of positive biopsy findings of amyloid and in 5 patients with clinically suspected amyloidosis. Negative scanning results with normal SAP metabolism, indicating regression of amyloid, were obtained in 4 patients whose amyloidosis had been in full clinical remission for more than 12 years. Prospective monitoring studies in patients whose JRA-associated inflammatory activity was in remission demonstrated regression of amyloid in 8 patients and no substantial changes in 8 others; however, in 4 further patients with active inflammation, there was accumulation of amyloid. There was a very poor correlation between the amount of amyloid present at a particular site and the resultant organ dysfunction. CONCLUSION: Radiolabeled SAP scintigraphy and turnover studies are useful complementary tools in the diagnosis, screening, and quantitative monitoring of type AA amyloidosis in JRA. The amyloid deposits may progress and/or regress at different rates in different anatomic sites over short periods. 相似文献
7.
A ternary blend system comprising poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) (PCHMA), poly(α‐methyl styrene) (PαMS) and poly(4‐methyl styrene) (P4MS) was investigated by thermal analysis, optical and scanning electron microscopy. Ternary phase behaviour was compared with the behaviour for the three constituent binary pairs. This study showed that the ternary blends of PCHMA/PαMS/P4MS in most compositions were miscible, with an apparent glass transition temperature (Tg) and distinct cloud‐point transitions, which were located at lower temperatures than their binary counterparts. However, in a closed‐loop range of compositions roughly near the centre of the triangular phase diagram, some ternary blends displayed phase separation with heterogeneity domains of about 1 µm. Therefore, it is properly concluded that ternary PCHMA/PαMS/P4M is partially miscible with a small closed‐loop immisciblity range, even though all the constituent binary pairs are fully miscible. Thermodynamic backgrounds leading to decreased miscibility and greater heterogeneity in a ternary polymer system in comparison with the binary counterparts are discussed. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
8.
Synthesis of ultrafine LiCoO2 powders by the sol-gel method 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Ultrafine high-temperature (HT) LiCoO2 powders were synthesized by the sol-gel method using polyacrylic acid (PAA) as a chelating agent. The decomposition process of the gel precursor was examined to determine the crystallization temperature and the dependence of the physicochemical properties of HT-LiCoO2 powders on the PAA quantity was extensively investigated. Polycrystalline HT-LiCoO2 powders, composed of very uniformly sized ultrafine particulates with an average particle size of 30–50 nm and a specific surface area of 2.3–17 m2g–1, could be obtained at the lower calcination temperature of 550 °C and the shorter calcination time of 1 h compared to the solid-state reaction. 相似文献
9.
We have examined the applicability of this simple and effective test to polymer systems widely used in the medical industry. First, it was found that not every polymer examined exhibited a distinct onset of autocatalytic oxidation detectable by DSC. However, for cases where distinct onsets are found, powerful insights can be obtained. These included activation energy of the degradation, thermal oxidative shelf life prediction, and correlation, with product performances. Actual examples are presented to illustrate the utility of the test. 相似文献
10.
Finite element analyses of repaired articular surfaces. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J S Wayne S L Woo M K Kwan 《Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine》1991,205(3):155-162
The response to a compressive load of a repaired cartilage surface, consisting of full-thickness repair tissue adjacent to normal cartilage, was predicted by the u-p finite element method and compared to that of a normal cartilage surface under the same loading conditions. By individually varying the aggregate modulus, permeability and Poisson's ratio for the repair tissue, analyses were performed to assess the contributions of each to the changes in mechanical behaviour. In comparing the repaired to normal surfaces, the presence of a softer repair tissue resulted in increased axial and decreased radial deformations at any given time point, while a repaired surface with an increased permeability compressed more easily due to the increased fluid flow and caused equilibrium to occur sooner. For smaller Poisson's ratio, the axial deformation was not different from normal if the aggregate modulus was the same as normal; however, the radial expansion was reduced as the repair tissue experienced a larger volume change. These results indicate that the presence of repair tissue in a joint surface can have a strong influence on the mechanical behaviour of the surface. 相似文献