BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of leaf order or crop season on anthocyanins and other chemicals in the anthocyanin‐rich tea cultivar ‘Sunrouge’ (
Camellia sinensis x
C. taliensis) by using high‐performance liquid chromatography, and to study the effect of ‘Sunrouge’ extract on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in human neuroblastoma SK‐N‐SH cells. RESULTS: The total anthocyanin content was higher in the third (3.09 mg g
?1) than in the second (2.24 mg g
?1) or first crop season (1.79 mg g
?1). The amount of anthocyanins contained in the stem was high (1.61 mg g
?1). In the third crop season, the concentrations of delphinidin‐3‐
O‐β‐D ‐(6‐(
E)‐
p‐coumaroyl)galactopyranoside (DCGa), cyanidin‐3‐
O‐β‐D ‐(6‐(
E)‐
p‐coumaroyl)galactopyranoside, delphinidin‐3‐
O‐β‐D ‐galactopyranoside, delphinidin‐3‐
O‐β‐D ‐(6‐
O‐(
Z)‐
p‐coumaroyl)galactopyranoside, cyanidin‐3‐
O‐β‐D ‐galactoside, and delphinidin‐3‐
O‐β‐D ‐glucoside were 1.57 mg g
?1, 0.52 mg g
?1, 0.40 mg g
?1, 0.22 mg g
?1, 0.14 mg g
?1, and 0.11 mg g
?1, respectively. DCGa accounted for about 50% of the anthocyanins present. The suppressive effect of ‘Sunrouge’ water extract on AChE activity in human neuroblastoma SK‐N‐SH cells was the strongest among the three tea cultivars (‘Sunrouge’, ‘Yabukita’ and ‘Benifuuki’). CONCLUSION: These results suggested that ‘Sunrouge’ might protect humans from humans from AChE‐related diseases by suppressing AChE activity. To obtain sufficient amounts of anthocyanins, catechins and/or caffeine for a functional food material, ‘Sunrouge’ from the third crop season should be used. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
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