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1.
A. Goyal E. D. Specht Z. L. Wang D. M. Kroeger J. A. Sutliff J. E. Tkaczyk J. A. Deluca L. Masur G. N. Riley 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1994,23(11):1191-1197
Microstructural origins for reduced weak-link behavior in high-Jc melt-processed YBCO, spray pyrolyzed thick films of Tl-1223, metallic precursor Y-124 polycrystalline powder-in-tube (PIT)
wires and PIT Bi-2212/2223 are discussed. Since the materials studied are the highest Jc, polycrystalline, high-Tc superconductors fabricated worldwide, the results provide important guidelines for further improvements in superconducting
properties, thereby enabling practical applications of these materials. It is found that strongly linked current flow within
domains of melt-processed 123 occurs effectively through a single crystal path. In c-axis oriented, polycrystalline Tl-1223
thick films, local in-plane texture has been found to play a crucial role in the reduced weak-link behavior. Formation of
“colonies” of grains with a common c-axis and modest in-plane misorientation was observed. Furthermore, a colony boundary
in general has a varying misorientation along the boundary. Large regions comprised primarily of low angle boundaries were
observed. Percolative transport through a network of such small angle boundaries appears to provide the nonweak-linked current
path. Although powder-in-tube BSCCO 2212 and 2223 also appear to have a “colony” microstructure, there are some important
differences. Colonies in BSCCO consist of stacks of grains with similar c-axis orientation in contrast to colonies in Tl-1223
films where few grains are stacked on top of one another. Furthermore, most grains within a colony in BSCCO have the same
lateral dimensions as that of the colony, resulting largely largely in “twist” boundaries. Further microstructural characterization
of high-Jc PIT 2212 and 2223 is currently underway. In the case of Y-124 wires, weak macroscopic in-plane texture is found. Additional
measurements are underway to determine if a sharper, local in-plane texture also exists. It is found that in three of the
four types of superconductors studied, reduced weak-link behavior can be ascribed to some degree of biaxial alignment between
grains, either on a “local” or a “global” scale. 相似文献
2.
We have studied theoretically and experimentally the fluorescence enhancement in fluoroborate glasses, doped with the ion Eu3+, containing small silver particles. The model developed shows that the gain coefficient has quenching and enhancement regions. The absorption peak of the metallic particles occurs at 425 nm, which is not in resonance with the 5L6 level of the ion Eu3+. For this reason it is not possible to make a complete comparison between theoretical and experimental results, but the structure of the absorption spectra allows us to check some crucial aspects of the problem, such as energy transfer, enhancement of the local field and the high absorption by the particle system. Results of electronic microscopy have revealed non-uniformity of the particle distribution with average radii of approximately 20 Å and 35 Å and a measured localized mean filling factor of 0.02. 相似文献
3.
The extracellular environment controls many cellular activities thereby linking external material cues to internal cell function. By better understanding these processes, synthetic extracellular material niches can be tailored to present cells with highly regulated physical and/or chemical cues that promote or suppress selected cell functions. Here, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels were functionalized with fluvastatin-releasing grafts and growth factor binding heparin domains to enable the dynamic exchange of information between the material and cells from the outside-in and inside-out (i.e., bidirectional signaling). By incorporating a fluvastatin-releasing graft and carefully controlling the dose and temporal release, materials were designed to promote bone morphogenic protein (BMP2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production by human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). When the release of fluvastatin was controlled to occur over 2 weeks, BMP2 and ALP production was increased 2.2-fold and 1.7-fold, respectively, at day 28 compared to hMSCs cultured in the absence of fluvastatin. By introducing a heparin functionality into the gel to sequester and localize the hMSC-produced BMP2, the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was further augmented over fluvastatin delivery alone. Osteopontin and core binding factor α1 gene expression was 6-fold and 4-fold greater for hMSCs exposed to fluvastatin in the presence of the heparin functionalities, respectively. These results demonstrate how multifunctional gels that interact with cells in a bidirectional manner can efficiently promote selected cell functions, such as the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. 相似文献
4.
Construction of the La Grande Complex in Eastern Canada called for complete or partial diversion of six rivers, the mean annual discharge of which varied from 60 to 1600 m3 s?1, and the transfer of water from two adjoining watersheds (1586m3 s?1) into La Grande Rivière. Three of these rivers with reduced flow, Eastmain (from 700 to 95m3 s?1), Opinaca (from 260 to 35m3 s?1), and Caniapiscau (from 1708 to 960m3 s?1) and the waterways with increased flows, Boyd-Sakami (from 1 to 811m3 s?1) and La Grande Rivière (from 1760 to 3400m3 s?1) were intensively monitored from 1978 to 1988, while the others were surveyed sporadically. Very few modifications were observed, compared to previous conditions, in banks stability, water quality, and aquatic fauna of the affected rivers: those which appeared can be explained by the water level fluctuations, the water quality of the tributaries of the residual drainage basin, and/or by the direct influence of the reservoirs. In James Bay, the areal extent of the Eastmain River and La Grand Rivière plumes varied with discharge in an exponential relation, mostly under ice cover; resources from the coastal environment had not yet undergone any major changes. Because of the very small population dwelling in the area, less than 3000 inhabitants, modifications in the hydrological regime of these rivers did cause relatively few impacts, the main being greater banks instability in specific locations, reduction of the thickness and ice cover on La Grande Rivière, enhancement of navigation constraints on Eastmain River, and higher mercury levels in fish related to operation of the reservoirs. 相似文献
5.
Y. Xu A. Goyal K.J. Leonard E.D. Specht D. Shi M. Paranthaman 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2006,89(3):914-920
YBa2 Cu3 O7− δ (YBCO or Y123) films on rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrates (RABiTS) were prepared via a fluorine-free metallorganic deposition (MOD) through spin coating, burnout, and high temperature anneal. The effects of substrate texture and surface energy of the CeO2 cap layer were investigated. Except for the commonly accepted key factors, such as the textures of substrate and buffer layers, we found some other factors, for example, the deposition temperature of the cap layer, are also critical to the epitaxial growth of Y123 phase. With the CeO2 cap layer deposited at relative high temperature of 700°C, a critical current density, J c , over 1 MA/cm2 has been demonstrated for the first time on Ni-RABiTS by a fluorine-free MOD method. Whereas for samples with CeO2 cap layers deposited at a lower temperature of 600°C, even though XRD data showed a better texture on these buffer layers, texture degradations of YBCO grains under the optimized processing conditions were observed and a lower oxygen partial pressure around 40 ppm was necessary for the epitaxial growth of Y123 phase. As a result, J c fell to 0.45 MA/cm2 at 77 K. The observed phenomena points to the change of surface energy and reactivity of the CeO2 cap layer with respect to the CeO2 deposition temperature. In this paper, the YBCO phase diagram was also summarized. 相似文献
6.
Malta Loretta S. Giosan Cezar Szkodny Lauren E. Altemus Margaret M. Rizzo Albert A. Silbersweig David A. Difede JoAnn 《Virtual Reality》2021,25(2):293-302
Virtual Reality - This research report describes the development of a virtual reality (VR) laboratory stressor to study the effects of exposure to stressful events. The aim of the research was to... 相似文献
7.
Bonenfant D Bourgeois FR Mimeault M Monette F Niquette P Hausler R 《Water science and technology》2011,63(12):2827-2832
Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD)-based polymers functionalized with two types of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), the alkaquat DMB-451 (N-alkyl (50% C14, 40% C12, 10% C10) dimethylbenzylammonium chloride) (DMD-451) named polymer DMB-451, and FMB 1210-8 (a blend of 32 w% N-alkyl (50% C14, 40% C12, 10% C10) dimethylbenzylammonium chloride and 48 w% of didecyldimethylammonium chloride) named polymer FMB 1210-8, were synthethized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activities of these polymers against Eschericia coli were also evaluated at 25 degrees C in wastewater. The results have indicated that the polymer FMB 1210-8 possesses a high-affinity binding with bacterial cells that induces a rapid disinfection process. Moreover, in the same experimental conditions of disinfection (mixture of 1.0 g of polymer and 100 mL of wastewater), the polymer FMB 1210-8 has a higher antimicrobial efficiency (99.90%) than polymer DMB-451 (92.8%). This phenomenon might be associated to a stronger interaction with bacterial cells due to stronger binding affinity for E. coli cells and greater killing efficiency of the C10 alkyl chains QAC of polymer FMB 1210-8 to disrupt the bacterial cell membrane as compared to N-alkyl (50% C14, 40% C12, 10% C10) dimethylbenzylammonium chloride. Together, these results suggest that the polymer FMB 1210-8 could constitute a good disinfectant against Escherichia coli, which could be advantageously used in wastewater treatments due to the low toxicity of beta-CD and CMC, and moderated toxicity of FMB 1210-8 to human and environment. 相似文献
8.
Identifying discriminating variables between teachers who fully integrate computers and teachers with limited integration 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Julie Mueller Eileen Wood Teena Willoughby Craig Ross Jacqueline Specht 《Computers & Education》2008,51(4):1523-1537
Given the prevalence of computers in education today, it is critical to understand teachers’ perspectives regarding computer integration in their classrooms. The current study surveyed a random sample of a heterogeneous group of 185 elementary and 204 secondary teachers in order to provide a comprehensive summary of teacher characteristics and variables that best discriminate between teachers who integrate computers and those who do not. Discriminant Function Analysis indicated seven variables for elementary teachers and six for secondary teachers (accounting for 74% and 68% of the variance, respectively) that discriminated between high and low integrators. Variables included positive teaching experiences with computers; teacher’s comfort with computers; beliefs supporting the use of computers as an instructional tool; training; motivation; support; and teaching efficacy. Implications for support of computer integration in the classroom are discussed. 相似文献
9.
Danielle M. Law Jennifer D. ShapkaShelley Hymel Brent F. OlsonTerry Waterhouse 《Computers in human behavior》2012,28(1):226-232
Electronic aggression, or cyberbullying, is a relatively new phenomenon. As such, consistency in how the construct is defined and operationalized has not yet been achieved, inhibiting a thorough understanding of the construct and how it relates to developmental outcomes. In a series of two studies, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFAs and CFAs respectively) were used to examine whether electronic aggression can be measured using items similar to that used for measuring traditional bullying, and whether adolescents respond to questions about electronic aggression in the same way they do for traditional bullying. For Study I (n = 17 551; 49% female), adolescents in grades 8-12 were asked to what extent they had experience with physical, verbal, social, and cyberbullying as a bully and victim. EFA and CFA results revealed that adolescents distinguished between the roles they play (bully, victim) in a bullying situation but not forms of bullying (physical, verbal, social, cyber). To examine this further, Study II (n = 733; 62% female), asked adolescents between the ages of 11 and 18 to respond to questions about their experience sending (bully), receiving (victim), and/or seeing (witness) specific online aggressive acts. EFA and CFA results revealed that adolescents did not differentiate between bullies, victims, and witnesses; rather, they made distinctions among the methods used for the aggressive act (i.e. sending mean messages or posting embarrassing pictures). In general, it appears that adolescents differentiated themselves as individuals who participated in specific mode of online aggression, rather than as individuals who played a particular role in online aggression. This distinction is discussed in terms of policy and educational implications. 相似文献
10.
This paper describes the results of a summative evaluation conducted to explore the usability and acceptability of an automated telephone-based technology, designed and developed as a screening tool for mental health disorders in the workplace. The system screens employees for symptoms and subsequently provides educational information and referrals to improve mental health and enhance productivity. The qualitative evaluation was a sub-study of a larger randomized controlled trial (RCT). We conducted in-depth interviews with 15 individuals who participated in the RCT and had used the system. A phenomenological theoretical framework was utilized to analyze the narrative data. Results indicated that participants had mostly positive experience with the system and perceived it as a confidential program that allowed them to reflect on their symptoms without inhibition, fear of judgment or embarrassment. We also learned that asking mere questions about mental health symptoms can be a positive, instructive and possibly a restorative experience. There is a likelihood that for many participants, exposure to questions about their emotional and mental distress validated their feelings about their symptoms and was sufficiently compelling to promote help-seeking behavior. This evaluation study demonstrates that computers can be utilized in the workplace as effective screening and educational tools to improve employees’ mental health. 相似文献