Landslides inventory

Summary After a 10 year interval from the first state-wide registration of landslides, a new system of landslide register is being introduced in Czechoslovakia in relation to the transfer to the Geological Data Bank system for processing by electronic computer. Each recorded phenomenon is plotted on a map and described. The final record is made by means of a code on a punched register card ready for computerizing. In the field, however, a questionnaire form has to be filled up, arranged in such a way as to enable easy processing. From the field questionnaire, the data are transcribed on to a punched card by means of a numerical or alphabetical code. A review of the data to be recorded is given.

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Inventaire Des Glissements de Terrain

Résumé Dix ans après le premier enregistrement national des glissements de terrain, un nouveau système d’enregistrement est en cours d’installation en Tchécoslovaquie, ce qui permettra d’établir la liaison avec le système de la Banque de données géologiques et d’exploiter ces informations avec un ordinateur. Chaque phénomène enregistré est reporté sur une carte et décrit. L’enregistrement final est fait au moyen d’un code sur une carte perforée prête à être utilisée dans l’ordinateur; mais sur le terrain, on devra remplir une formule de questionnaire, préparée pour permettre un traitement aussi facile que possible. Les données du questionnaire de terrain doivent être transcrites sur une carte perforée au moyen d’un code numérique ou alphabétique. On donne la liste des informations à enregistrer.

     

The impact of natural and artificial weathering on the visual,colour and structural changes of seven tropical woods

This study investigates the effects of wood weathering on changes in its macroscopic and colour characteristics in connection with changes in its molecular and anatomical structure. Seven hardwoods suitable for outdoor architecture—bangkirai, cumaru, cumaru rosa, ipé, jatobá, kusia, and massaranduba—were exposed to the exterior out of ground contact for 1–36 months according to EN 927-3, and for 1–12 weeks in Xenotest with water spraying according to partly modified EN 927-6. With prolonged weathering, the following changes occurred in the top surfaces of all tropical woods: (1) visual—creation of longitudinal macro-cracks, (2) spectrophotometry and CIE-L ^? a ^? b ^? —darkening in exterior exposure mainly due to pollutants, except for ipé, and vice versa lightening in Xenotest, as well as greening and blueing in both modes of exposure, (3) FTIR—faster decrease of guaiacyl than syringyl lignin, absolute decrease of conjugated and unconjugated carbonyl groups in the newly formed lignin-polysaccharide-extractive substrate in the photo-oxidized and washed-out cell walls, and decrease of cellulose crystallinity, (4) SEM—damaging of cell-walls by micro-cracks, and their degradation by thinning. Connections between changes of the individual characteristics of weathered woods, for example, between the colour (ΔE*, etc.) and the molecular structure (carbonyls, etc.), were also determined.     

Bücher

Ohne Zusammenfassung VDI     

The h-p version of the finite element method

The paper is the second in the series of two analyzing the h-p version of the finite element method. It generalizes the results of the first part (Guo, Babuska 1986) and presents computational results.Supported by the NSF Grant DMS-8315216Partially supported by ONR Contract N00014-85-K-0169     

Solvothermal synthesis of Ag/ZnO micro/nanostructures with different precursors for advanced photocatalytic applications

Micro/nanostructured systems based on metallic oxide (ZnO) with noble metal (Ag) on the surface (Ag/ZnO) are synthesized by solvothermal method from zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O), zinc acetate dehydrate (Zn(CH₃COO)₂·2H₂O), zinc acetylacetonate hydrate (Zn(C₅H₇O₂)₂·xH₂O) and silver nitrate (Ag(NO₃)) as precursors. In these systems, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is used as surfactant for controlling particle morphology, size and dispersion. The obtained materials are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), N₂ gas adsorption–desorption (BET) and Raman spectroscopy (RS). By XRD results, all major peaks are indexed to the hexagonal wurtzite-type structure of the ZnO and samples with noble metal, extra diffraction peaks are detected which correspond to the face-centered-cubic (fcc) structure of the metallic Ag. Depending on used precursor, different morphologies have been obtained. Mainly, ZnO prims-like rods – NRs (with 0.8 ? aspect ratio ? 3.4) – have been observed. Quasi-spherical particles of metallic Ag (with diameters between 558 ± 111 μm and 22 ± 1 nm) have been detected on the ZnO surface. Photocatalytic results (all samples studied >30% MB degradation) verify the important effect of surfactant and the viability of synthesized Ag/ZnO micro/nanocomposites for environmental applications.