Tri-Gate Bulk MOSFET Design for CMOS Scaling to the End of the Roadmap

A tri-gate bulk MOSFET design utilizing a low-aspect-ratio channel is proposed to provide an evolutionary pathway for CMOS scaling to the end of the roadmap. 3-D device simulations indicate that this design offers the advantages of a multi-gate FET (reduced variability in performance and improved scalability) together with the advantages of a conventional planar MOSFET (low substrate cost and capability for dynamic threshold-voltage control).     

Growth of Potassium Titanate Fibers in Flowing N2 Gas

The length of potassium titanate fibers produced by several conventional methods averages 50 μm, with a maximum of 100 μm. Extremely long fibers (most >1000 μm long) were obtained by calcination in N₂ gas flowing at 5.2×10^-4 m/s.     

Estimation and comparison of nitrogen loads and attenuation in agricultural catchments of Japan and Korea.

To help in clarifying the relationship between the time lag and attenuation of nitrogen (N) loads generated in agricultural catchments, long-term trends in activities that generate N loads and in environmental N loads were estimated in catchments in Japan and Korea dominated by non-point-source emissions. Our approach used statistical data and geographical information system software to analyze pollutant loads. The method was successful in both countries because of the availability of well-developed statistics, geographical information, and weather and water quality monitoring systems, and the accumulation of research data concerning the generation of N loads and the fate of N in soils. Comparison of environmental loads with the loads observed in river water at the outlet of each catchment revealed that: (1) the effect of changes in the environmental load in a catchment appeared almost immediately in the river water quality in Korea, but did not appear clearly even 10 years later in Japan; and (2) the strength of the attenuation appeared to be much lower in Korea than in Japan. These findings suggest that regional characteristics play important roles in the sensitivity of water quality to load-generating activities.     

Optical properties of O2 − centres in KCl∶NaCl mixed crystals

The optical properties of O₂ ^– centres in KClNaCl mixed crystals were investigated. The timeresolved spectra and the fluorescence decay time are shown. From the measurements of the radiative decay time, the oscillator strength of the absorption,f _ab=0.045, the oscillator strength of the fluorescence,f _fluo=0.019, and the activation energy E=0.22 eV for the O₂ ^– centre in KClNaCl were determined.     

Net shape formation of sub-micron alumina with reduced flaws by high-speed centrifugal compaction process

A new compacting method for powder materials is presented. High-Speed Centrifugal Compaction Process (HCP) utilizes centrifugal force of about 10,000 g for the compaction. HCP is suitable for net shape compaction of fine sub-micron and nano-powders. HCP possesses a unique compacting mechanism that is different from other colloidal processes including Pressure Casting (PC), and has a number of useful characteristics. HCP has a higher compacting speed than PC, wide applicability for net shape formation, as well as a defect removing function. Because of homogeneous and flawless green microstructure, HCP alumina shows superior sinterability and higher strength and hardness than most of other aluminas. This article is based on a presentation made in the symposium “The 3rd KIM-JIM Joint Symposium on Advanced Powder Materials“, held at Korea University, Seoul, Korea, October 26–27, 2001 under auspices of The Korean Institute of Metals and Materials and The Japan Institute of Metals.     

Effect of glucose administration on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in rats

Glucose administered to fasted rats caused a marked stimulation in hepatic cholesterogenesis and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylation, and an increase in biliary excretion of cholesterol and total bile acids. The excretion of cholic acid was not incluenced during the first few hr after glucose administration, but was significantly increased after 5 hr. Chenodeoxycholic acid showed a similar change, but the increase was only ca. one tenth of that of cholic acid. The excretion of deoxycholic acid was markedly increased by 1 hr, but gradually decreased thereafter. Pretreatment with neomycin abolished the increase in deoxycholic acid by fasting and glucose administration. Other bile acid components showed no significant change. It thus was presumed that cholesterol endogenously synthesized in the liver was metabolized mainly to cholic acid. In contrast, exogenous cholesterol was metabolized mainly to chenodeoxycholic acid. During the period of the acute enhancement of cholic acid formation from the endogenous cholesterol, biliary excretion of deoxycholic acid was increased. This probably occurred through the depression of 7 alpha-rehydroxylation of deoxycholic acid, or through the enhancement of microbial formation of deoxycholic acid in the lumen, and through the increase of intestinal absorption.     

Structural characterization of 1,2-polybutadiene by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy: 2. Sequence distribution of 1,2-unit in hydrogenated polybutadienes

The configurational sequences of 1,2-unit in a series of hydrogenated syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadienes were determined in relation to the sequence distribution of 1,2- and 1,4-units on the basis of the ¹³C-n.m.r. signal assignment of the methyl carbons. The observed triad distributions of 1,2- and 1,4-units and configurational distributions of the 1,2-unit are in good agreement with the calculated distributions from transition probabilities. The number average sequence lengths of the 1,2-unit and the 1,2-unit in the racemic addition are 5.7 to 8.0 and 4.1 to 5.4, respectively. From the extrapolation of the plot of the number average sequence length against the crystallinity of the starting 1,2-polybutadienes, the minimum sequence length for crystallization is estimated to be 3.7 for the 1,2-unit in the racemic addition.     

Efficient Leave-<Emphasis Type="Italic">m</Emphasis>-out Cross-Validation of Support Vector Regression by Generalizing Decremental Algorithm

We propose a computationally efficient method for cross-validation of the Support Vector Regression (SVR) by generalizing the decremental algorithm of SVR. Incremental and decremental algorithm of Support Vector Machines (SVM) ^{2, 8, 9)} efficiently update the trained SVM model when a single data point is added to or removed from the training set. The computational cost of leave-one-out cross-validation can be reduced using the decremental algorithm. However, when we perform leave-m-out cross-validation (m > 1), we have to repeatedly apply the decremental algorithm for each data point. In this paper, we extend the decremental algorithm of SVR^{8, 9)} in such a way that several data points can be removed more efficiently. Experimental results indicate that the proposed approach can reduce the computational cost. In particular, we observed that the number of breakpoints, which is the main computational cost of the involved path-following, were reduced from \({\mathcal O}(m)\) to \({\mathcal O}(\sqrt{m})\).