Characterization and evaluating the mechanical performance of halloysite nanotubes reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene/polycarbonate composites exposed to aggressive environmental conditions

Developing light weight polymer based composites dispersed with novel reinforcements which can function well in the presence of aggressive environments is an active research field in the materials engineering. Hence, in the current work, halloysite nanotubes (1 %, 2 %, 4 %, 6 %, 8 % and 10 % by weight) were reinforced into acrylonitrile butadiene styrene/polycarbonate blend and the role of reinforcing phases on the mechanical performance under aggressive environmental conditions has been evaluated. Hardness was measured as gradually increased in the composites with the increased content of the reinforcements. Impact strength of the composites was observed as increased in the composites up to 4 % reinforcement and further decreased. Increased strength was measured for the composite up to 2 % reinforcement. Ductility of the composites was decreased as reflected form the decreased % of elongation with the higher fraction of reinforcements due to induced brittleness. The composites were exposed to diluted sulfuric acid for 3 h and 6 h at 60 °C and then subjected to tensile loading. With the increased time of exposure, composites with 1 % and 2 % reinforcement exhibited relatively better performance.     

Evaluation of a multimode fiber optic low coherence interferometer for path length resolved Doppler measurements of diffuse light

The performance of a graded index multimode fiber optic low coherence Mach-Zehnder interferometer with phase modulation is analyzed. Investigated aspects were its ability to measure path length distributions and to perform path length resolved Doppler measurements of multiple scattered photons in a turbid suspension of particles undergoing Brownian and translational motion. The path length resolution of this instrument is compared with a system using single mode fibers for illumination and detection. The optical path lengths are determined from the zero order moment of the phase modulation peak in the power spectrum. The weighted first moment, which is equal to the average Doppler shift, shows a linear response for different mean flow velocities within the physiological range.     

The h-p version of the finite element method

The paper is the second in the series of two analyzing the h-p version of the finite element method. It generalizes the results of the first part (Guo, Babuska 1986) and presents computational results.Supported by the NSF Grant DMS-8315216Partially supported by ONR Contract N00014-85-K-0169     

Evolutionary gaming approach for decision making of Tier‐3 Internet service provider networks migration to SoDIP6 networks

With the increasing number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, current networking world is suffering in terms of management and operations with lack of IPv4 addresses leading to issues like network address translation (NAT) proliferation, security and quality of services. Software‐defined networking (SDN) and Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) are the new networking paradigms evolved to address related issues of legacy IPv4 networking. To adapt with global competitive environment and avoid all existing issues in legacy networking system, network service providers have to migrate their networks into IPv6 and SDN‐enabled networks. But immediate transformations of existing network are not viable due to several factors like higher cost of migration, lack of technical human resources, lack of standards and protocols during transitions, and many more. In this paper, we present the migration analysis for proper decision making of network transition in terms of customer demand, traffic engineering, and organizational strength with operation expenditure for network migration using evolutionary gaming approach. Joint migration to SDN‐enabled IPv6 network from game theoretic perspective is modeled and is validated using numerical results obtained from simulations. Our empirical analysis shows the evolutionary process of network migration while different internal and external factors in the organization affect the overall migration. Evolutionary game in migration planning is supportive in decision making for service providers to develop suitable strategy for their network migration. The proposed approach for migration decision making is mostly applicable to fairly sustained service providers who lack economics, regulation/policy, and resources strengths.     

Thin reduced graphene oxide interlayer with a conjugated block copolymer for high performance non-volatile ferroelectric polymer memory

Polymer ferroelectric-gate field effect transistors (Fe-FETs) employing ferroelectric polymer thin films as gate insulators are highly attractive as a next-generation non-volatile memory. For minimizing gate leakage current of a device which arises from electrically defective ferroelectric polymer layer in particular at low operation voltage, the materials design of interlayers between the ferroelectric insulator and gate electrode is essential. Here, we introduce a new solution-processed interlayer of conductive reduced graphene oxides (rGOs) modified with a conjugated block copolymer, poly(styrene-block-paraphenylene) (PS-b-PPP). A FeFET with a solution-processed p-type oligomeric semiconducting channel and ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) insulator exhibited characteristic source–drain current hysteresis arising from ferroelectric polarization switching of a PVDF-TrFE insulator. Our PS-b-PPP modified rGOs (PMrGOs) with conductive moieties embedded in insulating polymer matrix not only significantly reduced the gate leakage current but also efficiently lowered operation voltage of the device. In consequence, the device showed large memory gate voltage window and high ON/OFF source–drain current ratio with excellent data retention and read/write cycle endurance. Furthermore, our PMrGOs interlayers were successfully employed to FeFETs fabricated on mechanically flexible substrates with promising non-volatile memory performance under repetitive bending deformation.     

太阳能电池生产线中新型等离子体刻蚀机刻蚀工艺探讨

介绍了一种新型等离子体刻蚀机的使用条件,通过对各种参数变化的组合实验,得到了最佳工艺数据.利用该刻蚀机生产的电池片刻蚀效果好,刻蚀后经检测,电池片漏电流小,并联电阻大,提高了电池片的综合性能指标.     

Emission and performance study emulsified orange peel oil biodiesel in an aspirated research engine

This study paves the way on reducing smoke emission and NO_x emissions of research diesel engine by detailing the effect of water addition in biodiesel. Fuel samples were prepared with different concentrations of water in orange peel oil biodiesel (94% waste orange peel oil biodiesel + 4% water + 2% Span 80 (WOPOBDE1) and 90% waste orange peel oil biodiesel + 8% water + 2% Span 80 (WOPOBDE2). Span 80 was employed as a nonionic surfactant, which emulsifies water in biodiesel. Experimental results revealed that the nitrogen oxides and smoke emission of orange peel oil biodiesel emulsion were reduced by 11%–19% and 3%–21%, respectively, compared to that of neat orange peel oil biodiesel (WOPOBD). In addition, the introduction of orange peel oil–water emulsions in the diesel engine considerably reduced the emissions of unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. The overall hydrocarbon emission of WOPOBDE2 was 12.2% lower than that of WOPOBD and 16.3% lower than that of diesel. The overall CO emission of WOPOBDE2 was 17% lower than that of base fuel (WOPOBD) and 21.8% lower than that of diesel. Experimental results revealed that modified fuel had higher brake thermal efficiency and lower brake specific fuel consumption than that of base fuel at all engine brake power levels.