Extended dissipativity-based non-fragile control for multi-area power systems with actuator fault

This paper addresses the issue of reliable load frequency control design of an uncertain multi-area power system with constant time delays and disturbances via non-fragile sampled-data control approach. In particular, the parameter uncertainties are assumed to be randomly occurring which are described by the Bernoulli distributed sequences. By constructing a suitable Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional together with Wirtinger-based inequality, a new set of sufficient conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities is obtained to ensure the asymptotic stability and extended dissipativity of the multi-area power system not only when all actuators are operational, but also in case of some actuator failures. Finally, simulation results are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control design technique.     

Synthesis and characterization of poly(ethylene oxide)‐based glycopolymers and their biocompatibility with osteoblast cells

Poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(methacryl‐d ‐glucopyranoside) (PEO‐GP) and poly(methacryl‐d ‐glucopyranoside) (H‐GP) glycopolymers were synthesized by deacetylation of acetylated polymers which were synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization. The synthesized glycopolymers were characterized using ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The deacetylated polymers exhibited onset decomposition temperatures about 60 °C lower compared to the polymers having acetyl pendants. The glass transition temperature (T_g) of the acetylated homopolymer was 133 °C and that of the PEO‐based block copolymer was 124 °C. The deacetylated polymers H‐GP and PEO‐GP exhibited T_g values of about ?30 °C. Biocompatibility of the H‐GP and PEO‐GP glycopolymers was obtained by studying osteoblast cell adhesion, viability and proliferation in vitro. The cell viability showed an increase with increasing concentration of H‐GP from 0.1 to 1 µmol L^?1 and then decreased with further increase in its concentration (10–1000 µmol L^?1). PEO‐GP did not show a significant variation in cell viability on variation of its concentration from 0.1 to 1000 µmol L^?1. The significant improvement in biocompatibility with osteoblast cells in the presence of PEO‐GP was considered as due to the covalently bonded PEO segment of the methacrylate glycopolymer block. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

Reliable nonfragile tracking control for switched systems with external disturbances

With the assistance of reliable control technique, the nonfragile tracking problem has been proposed in this paper for a class of switched systems with external disturbances under the aegis of modified repetitive controller. Notably, the designed repetitive controller is used to improve the tracking performance of the addressed switched systems. Preciously, the influence of external disturbances are estimated through the improved equivalent-input-disturbance strategy, wherein the effect caused by the external disturbances to the output channel are reduced by the aid of modified repetitive control strategy. The fundamental intention of this control synthesis is that the output of the system precisely tracks the reference signal even in the presence of external disturbances and gain fluctuations. For that cause, Lyapunov stability technique in conjunction with average dwell time approach is implemented to obtain adequate conditions in the shape of linear matrix inequalities which insists the exponential stability for the addressed system. Ultimately, the efficiency and supremacy of the proposed control schemes are justified via two numerical examples, wherein it is exposed to view that the developed control strategy is capable of good tracking performance and also estimates the external disturbances efficiently.     

Sol- gel synthesis of Ga2O3 nanorods and effect of precursor chemistry on their structural and morphological properties

Synthesis of mono-crystalline Ga₂O₃ Nanorods was done by sol-gel transformation of gallium(III) isopropoxide (Ga(OPrⁱ)₃). XRD studies were done to determine the planes and crystal structure of synthesized nanorods that showed the synthesis of β-Ga₂O₃(a). TEM studies of synthesized Ga₂O₃ confirmed the synthesis of monocrystalline β-Ga₂O₃ nanorods. To study the effect of precursor chemistry and to determine role of precursor structures on the crystal structure, phase and morphology of the Ga₂O₃, a new modified precursor complex was synthesized. The reaction of Ga(OPrⁱ)₃ with N-phenylsalicylaldimine, [C₆H₄(OH)CH=N(C₆H₅)] in 1:1?M ratio yielded [{(H₅C₆)N?=?CH-C₆H₄O}Ga(OPrⁱ)₂]. The newly synthesized complex was characterized by elemental analyses, molecular weight measurement, FT-IR and NMR (¹H and ¹³C) spectral studies. Spectral studies of the modified complex suggest the presence of bi-dentate mode of attachment of Schiff's base in the solution state. Sol-gel transformations of [{(H₅C₆)N?=?CH-C₆H₄O}Ga(OPrⁱ)₂] in organic medium, yielded γ-Ga₂O₃(b), as found by XRD studies. TEM image of the sample (a) revealed the formation of nano-rods of oxide with average diameter of ~100?nm whereas the TEM image of sample (b) showed presence of nano-sized particles of oxide with average particle size of 10?nm. Morphological and compositional studies of synthesized samples (a) and (b) were carried out using SEM and EDX. The method provides a possibility of large scale synthesis of dissimilar shaped and pure Ga₂O₃ nanoparticles.     

论轮式装甲车辆的可持续发展

通过对轮式装甲车辆的发展历史与国内、外现状的扼要分析, 认为轮式装甲车辆具有实现可持续发展的必然趋势． 简要阐述了作者对实现轮式装甲车辆可持续发展的几点看法．     

Facile synthesis of rice shaped CuO nanostructures for battery application

The oxides of transition metals are an important class of semiconductors, which have applications in electronics, magnetic storage media, solar applications and catalysis. Among them, CuO has attracted much attention due to its widespread applications. In this paper, a facile synthesis of rice shaped CuO nanostructures have been prepared by reflux method for battery application using Copper nitrate and ammonia as precursors. Samples were prepared at three different reaction timings namely 6, 12 and 24 h. The as-prepared samples were calcinated at 400 °C to ensure the formation of copper oxide. The final products were subjected to X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, FT-IR and UV–Vis spectroscopy in order to study the effect of reaction time on the properties of the prepared copper oxide nanostructures. It is found that at controlled reaction time rice shaped CuO nanostructures are obtained. Cyclic voltammogram was recorded to understand the electrocatalytic behaviors of the rice shaped CuO sample prepared under optimized condition.     

Robust tracking control for uncertain fuzzy systems with time delay and external disturbances

In this article, robust tracking and disturbance rejection problem for Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems with time delay and external disturbances are discussed. Specifically, proportional-integral controller with an enhanced equivalent-input-disturbance technique is constructed to force the output trajectories to track the bounded reference input signal even in the presence of external disturbances. Further, the resulting fuzzy control system can be represented as an augmented system with state delay and uncertainties and the output tracking problem is transformed into stabilization problem of the augmented system. In the stabilization analysis, the considered fuzzy system does not share the same membership functions with the proposed control. Moreover, the delay-dependent stabilization criteria for the addressed fuzzy system are presented in the form of linear matrix inequalities by the virtue of augmented Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional. To be specific, the symmetric matrices involved in the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional need not be positive definite. Ultimately, three numerical examples are offered to support the validity of the established theoretical results.     

Oxime-Modified Aluminum(III) Isopropoxide: A Promising Sol–Gel Precursor for Corrosion Resistive Nano-Alumina Coating on an Aluminum Alloy

Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces - Dense alumina coatings were fabricated over aluminum alloy via dip coating method using oxime-modified aluminum(III) isopropoxide as a...     

Nanopore gradients on porous aluminum oxide generated by nonuniform anodization of aluminum

A method for surface engineering of structural gradients with nanopore topography using the self-ordering process based on electrochemical anodization of aluminum is described. A distinct anodization condition with an asymmetrically distributed electric field at the electrolyte/aluminum interface is created by nonparallel arrangement between electrodes (tilted by 45°) in an electrochemical cell. The anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) porous surfaces with ordered nanopore structures with gradual and continuous change of pore diameters from 80 to 300 nm across an area of 0.5-1 cm were fabricated by this anodization using two common electrolytes, oxalic acid (0.3 M) and phosphoric acid (0.3 M). The formation of pore gradients of AAO is explained by asymmetric and gradual distribution of the current density and temperature variation generated on the surface of Al during the anodization process. Optical and wetting gradients of prepared pore structures were confirmed by reflective interferometric spectroscopy and contact angle measurements showing the ability of this method to generate porous surfaces with multifunctional gradients (structural, optical, wetting). The study of influence of pore structures on cell growth using the culture of neuroblastoma cells reveals biological relevance of nanopore gradients and the potential to be applied as the platform for spatially controllable cell growth and cell differentiation.     

Application of low-temperature substrate bonding in fabrication of reusable micro-fluidic devices

The plasma polymerised (PP) films were deposited on silicon substrates and used to bond the substrates at a low temperature (130 °C). Different types of monomers were used to deposit PP films on μ-electrode and μ-channel of micro-fluidic devices (MFD) to tailor the surface properties. To confirm the PP film deposition on the substrates the surface chemistry was characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The bond strength of about 100 nm PP acrylic acid, p-xylene, styrene, 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolininne and allylamine films were measured more than 2 Mpa. The bonding strength was also tested before and after passing the fluid in MDF and no significant change was observed. Generally, no change in the structure of μ-electrode was observed by the bonding, using a separating and cleaning process. Therefore, this bonding process is independent of the type of thin film deposited and the bonding can be easily carried out by me in the laboratory and the surface properties can be tailored for different applications. It also enables one to recycle and reuse the devices in production. This process allows the devices to be recycling and/or reusable for a better and cleaner global environment.