Inhibition of microbial growth in ready‐to‐eat food stored at ambient temperature by modified atmosphere packaging

This study was undertaken to develop a modified atmosphere package to control microbial growth in ready‐to‐eat (RTE) products stored at ambient temperature. Ethanol and/or limonene associated with modified atmosphere (CO₂ : O₂ : N₂ = 30% : 5% : 65%) was used to inhibit the growth of total air‐borne microorganisms and Escherichia coli in RTE products stored at 25°C. The results indicated that 0.05% ethanol vapour in the headspace was effective to inhibit the growth of air‐borne microorganisms and E. coli at 25°C for 72 h in a model study, and the effectiveness was related to ethanol content. Both 73 ppm limonene and 0.05% ethanol vapour enhanced the bacteriostatic effect of modified atmosphere in RTE sushi roll products, and no off‐flavour was detected using this formulated gas; however, no significant inhibitory effect was observed for RTE cold noodle products. This study concludes that combinations of carbon dioxide, ethanol or limonene vapours are effective to inhibit microbial growth in RTE food at ambient temperature, and the outcome may be due to the hurdle effect. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new Pd-oxide-Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As MOS hydrogen sensor

A new and interesting Pd-oxide-Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As MOS hydrogen sensor has been fabricated and studied. The steady-state and transient responses with different hydrogen concentrations has been measured at various temperatures. Based on the large Schottky barrier height and presence of oxide layer, the studied device exhibits a high hydrogen detection sensitivity and wide temperature operating regime. The studied device exhibits the low-leakage current and obvious current changes when exposed to hydrogen-contained gas. Even at room temperature, a very high hydrogen detection sensitivity of 155.9 is obtained when a 9090 ppm H/sub 2//air gas is introduced. Furthermore, when exposed to hydrogen-contained gas at 95/spl deg/C, both the forward and reverse currents are substantially increased with increased hydrogen concentration. In other words, the studied device can be used as a hydrogen sensor under the applied bidirectional bias. Under the applied voltage of 0.35 V and 9090 ppm H/sub 2//air hydrogen ambient, a fast adsorption response time about 10 s is found. The transient and steady-state characteristics of hydrogen adsorption are also investigated.     

Handling multimedia information with VLSI

Identifies the basic technological components of multimedia communications. Among these technologies, multimedia processing and transmission already benefit heavily from VLSI advances. in fact, these two technologies could not have matured without special-purpose VLSI chips. We have examined basic processing required in these technologies and some VLSI architectures. The focus has been on standard-compliant VLSI chips, because the eventual goal of communications is to allow everyone to reach others without constraints. There are still a number of evolving standards, which means that we might witness yet another wave of VLSI chips for multimedia communications     

L－B膜修饰电极循环伏安行为模拟──（Ⅰ）电荷转移速度常数对循环伏安性能的影响

本文用计算机数字模拟方法研究了电活性分子多层Ｚ型Ｌ－Ｂ膜修饰电极的循环伏安行为。计算了电极与修饰Ｌ－Ｂ膜分子第一层之间的电荷转移速度常数Ｋ_ｏ，Ｌ－Ｂ膜分子层间的电荷转移速度常数ｋ_ｉ；对峰电位差△Ｅ_ｐ及阳极峰面积Ｑ的影响，以及在不同条件下各层分子的氧化态分数随扫描时间的变化。为研究和设计电活性分子修饰电极的实际体系提供了大量数据和信息。     

新型实用布线算法──L─M算法

本文提出新型布线算法，集李氏迷宫法与线搜索法的长处为一体，以饱和带法进行动态排序，以线搜索法确定借孔位置，然后用李氏法进行单层布线，获得最佳路径，从而达到线型好，布通率高的效果。     

Computing hysteresis points of nonlinear equations depending on two parameters

A direct method is described for computing a hysteresis point (double turning point) corresponding to a cusp point of a system ofn nonlinear equations inn variables depending on two parameters. By addition of two equations a minimally extended system ofn+2 nonlinear equations is constructed for which the hysteresis point is an isolated solution. An efficient implementation of Newton's method is presented not requiring evaluations of second derivatives of the original problem. Two numerical examples show the efficiency of theQ-quadratically convergent method.     

Cholesterol‐imprinted polymer receptor prepared by a hybrid imprinting method

A novel cholesterol‐imprinted polymer (CMIP‐H) was prepared by a hybrid method of covalent imprinting and non‐covalent imprinting. This approach involves the copolymerization of a template‐containing monomer, cholesteryl 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate carbonate, and a cross‐linker, followed by hydrolysis to afford a flexible guest‐binding site accompanied with the easy and efficient removal of a ‘sacrificial spacer’. The effect of solvent on the binding capacity of CMIP‐H towards cholesterol was studied, indicating that a good binding capacity towards cholesterol could be achieved in a less‐polar solvent. The binding experiments of CMIP‐H towards a series of structural analogues of cholesterol, including cholesterol acetate, progesterone and stigmasterol, were carried out in hexane. The results showed that CMIP‐H almost did not bind cholesterol acetate at all because the hydrogen‐bonding site is blocked. It exhibited a similar binding towards both cholesterol and stigmasterol, but much higher binding towards progesterone. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

即时通讯软件的安全性分析

在互联网服务中,即时通讯已成为了最流行的服务模式之一,人们对即时通讯的依赖程度也与日俱增。但是, 频频出现的病毒和黑客攻击使广大用户深受其害,即时通讯的安全问题也日益严峻。为了从根本上解决问题,本文对即时通讯软件的架构和协议进行了深入分析,目的是找出漏洞根源,给开发者和使用者提供防止漏洞的依据。     

Global practical stabilization of planar linear systems in the presence of actuator saturation and input additive disturbance

In this note, we revisit the problem of global practical stabilization for planar linear systems subject to actuator saturation and input additive disturbances. A parameterized linear state feedback law is designed such that, by tuning the value of the parameter, all trajectories of the closed-loop system converge to an arbitrarily small neighborhood of the origin in a finite time and remain in there.