Recovery of gold cyanide using inherently conducting polymers

Removal of gold from basic solutions containing [Au(CN)₂]^? has been demonstrated using the inherently conducting polymer polypyrrole. Polymers containing sulfonated aromatic dopants have been found to display a significant ability to remove gold from such solutions. Experiments performed in solutions containing both gold and copper cyanide complexes indicate that the recovery process is not highly selective. However, the polypyrroles used display significantly faster rates of gold recovery than activated carbon. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

Perspectives on Design and Innovation

A series of studies of top European and other firms has revealed patterns of design management associated with commercial success. Firms that invest resources and professional expertise in product and industrial design in traditional and new industries have been commercially more successful than firms that pay less attention to these aspects of design. As an industry matures there is a shift in emphasis from design associated with technological innovation, to designs supporting technical improvements, and then to supporting user needs, fashion and product variants. These issues are illustrated through the history of the evolution of the bicycle.     

Diel Vertical Migration of Round Goby Larvae in the Great Lakes

One hypothesis for the transcontinental and intra-Great Lakes basin transfer of round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) has been that round gobies were pumped into the ballast water of ships. During June 2005 in Lake Erie, we obtained evidence of a vertical migration of round goby larvae, when we collected 167 round goby larvae in surface ichthyoplankton net tows at night and zero during day. These results complemented similar findings from the Muskegon River estuary of Lake Michigan during 2003 and 2004, documenting diel vertical migration for the first time in larval round gobies. We suggest vertical migration behavior may have allowed larval round gobies to be transported to and within the Great Lakes via ballast water and dispersed in the Great Lakes via advection of 6.5–8.5-mm long larvae at the surface. Based on our results, if ballast water was only taken on near the surface during daylight hours from May through September when larval round gobies were present, it would have mitigated the spread of round gobies throughout the Great Lakes.     

Color changes in cyanosis and the significance of congenital dichromasy and lighting

There are anecdotal reports of color vision deficient medical practitioners (particularly deuteranopes) having difficulty in recognizing cyanosis. An understanding of the color changes in oxygenated blood has led to a better understanding of the lighting needs for hospitals. Using the same database, this article investigates the propensity for color vision deficient observers to make mistakes with cyanotic patients. The possibilities for helping the observer with appropriate color of lighting are considered. The spectral reflectances of blood at varying oxygenation levels previously reported were used 7 ; 8 to calculate chromaticity and lightness. The direction of the chromaticity change was compared with the protanopic and deuteranopic confusion lines. An attempt was made to identify sources that enhanced color changes for the color deficient. The color change of blood oxygenation is closely aligned with the confusion lines of congenital dichromats (particularly protanopia) showing the potential for difficulty in making this decision. No source could be demonstrated to solve the problem or even reduce it significantly. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 428–432, 2007     

Polyethylene mixed crystal infra-red spectroscopy: The influence of matrix isotopic species on guest conformation

The chain conformation of solution-crystallized polyethylene has previously been confirmed by infra-red spectroscopy, using the CD₂ bending bandshape for samples with a minority of the deuterated species^1–3. The method of calculating the i.r. band profile from molecular conformational models is now developed to give a more accurate representation of doublet splittings and to include the singlet component. The CH₂ bending profile is calculated for samples with a deuterated matrix, and the good agreement with experimental data indicates that the same molecular model is applicable for samples with the deuterated polymer as either guest or matrix, for identical crystallization conditions. This result implies that isotopic fractionation is unimportant under these conditions.     

The effect of cognitive rehabilitation on the neuropsychological status of patients in drug abuse treatment who display neurocognitive impairment.

72 patients engaged in residential drug abuse treatment who also had cognitive impairment were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups. One group of patients received 2 hrs of computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation per week over a 6-mo period; a 2nd group received 2 hrs of progressive muscle relaxation per week over a 6-mo period; a 3rd group was taught typing on a computer; and a 4th group received no treatment beyond that provided by the program. All patients were tested with a neuropsychological test battery at admission and at monthly intervals thereafter for 6 mo. Results show that Ss in the cognitive rehabilitation group demonstrated a faster rate of cognitive recovery during the first 2 mo of treatment and had more efficient cognitive functioning over the first 4 mo of residence. These patients were also rated as more "appropriately participatory" in the treatment program by the clinical staff. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Isotherm analyses for single component and multi-component metal sorption onto lignite

The adsorption of the three metal ions, copper, cadmium and zinc in single component and multi-component mixtures in aqueous solutions by lignite is reported. A comparison is made between the single component saturation uptake and the multi-component uptakes. The isotherms indicate a competitive uptake with copper being preferentially absorbed by the lignite in multi-component solutions. The isotherms are plotted to obtain the Langmuir constants, the Freundlich constants and the Redlich–Peterson constants. Lignite is shown to possess an affinity for the metal ions which make its use as an adsorbent a possible alternative to the use of more expensive activated carbons.