Author Keywords: Water treatment; Adsorption; Heterogeneous catalysis; Hydrodechlorination; Activated carbon; Granular; Fibrous cloth; Hydrodenitrification; Glass fiber cloth 相似文献
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1.
The structure of the nonlinear H∞-filter in the neighborhood of the estimated trajectory is investigated and a bound on the size of the neighborhood that allows this structure is determined, both for finite and infinite horizons. Riccati inequalities that depend on the estimated trajectory are derived for finding the filter gain matrix and an algorithm for calculating the bound on the size of the above neighborhood is presented. Explicit formulas are obtained in the infinite horizon case for the minimum achievable disturbance attenuation level, the size of the neighborhood, and the corresponding filter gain. 相似文献
2.
Noel D. Uri 《Applied Energy》1996,54(4):355-373
This study begins by asking whether fluctuations in the price of crude oil have affected agricultural employment in the USA. After reviewing previous assessments of the issue, the existence of an empirical relationship between agricultural employment and crude-oil price volatility is established using Granger causality. Subsequently, the nature of the relationship is estimated with the results suggesting that at least three full years are required before the measurable impacts of a percentage change in the real price of crude oil on the change in agricultural employment are exhausted. Finally, the structural stability of the functional relationship between the change in agricultural employment and the volatility of the price of crude oil, the percentage changes in expected net farm income, realized technological innovation, and the wage rate are examined. 相似文献
3.
We consider two multicriteria versions of the global minimum cut problem in undirected graphs. In the k-criteria setting,
each edge of the input graph has k non-negative costs associated with it. These costs are measured in separate, non-interchangeable,
units. In the AND-version of the problem, purchasing an edge requires the payment of all the k costs associated with it. In the OR-version, an edge can be purchased by paying any one of the k costs associated with it. Given k bounds b1,b2,. . . ,bk, the basic multicriteria decision problem is whether there exists a cut C of the graph that can be purchased using a budget
of bi units of the ith criterion, for 1 ≤ i ≤ k. We show that the AND-version of the multicriteria global minimum cut problem is
polynomial for any fixed number k of criteria. The OR-version of the problem, on the other hand, is NP-hard even for k = 2,
but can be solved in pseudo-polynomial time for any fixed number k of criteria. It also admits an FPTAS. Further extensions,
some applications, and multicriteria versions of two other optimization problems are also discussed. 相似文献
4.
Opportunities and problems in application of catalytic hydrotreating processes, which are presented a viable approach in the abatement of water pollutants, are discussed. Analysis of the hydrodechlorination (HDC) and hydrodenitrification (HDN) using Pd-based catalysts supported on various materials like granulated activated carbon (GAC), fibrous activated carbon cloths (ACCs) or glass fiber cloths (GFCs) studied recently in our laboratory suggests the following perspectives:
Exhaustive regeneration of Pd/GAC saturated with p-chlorophenol can be achieved in a two-step approach, incorporating gas-phase HDC by hydrogen followed by oxidation by air.
Pd/ACC catalysts are good candidates for the liquid-phase HDC showing activity higher than that of Pd/GAC or Pd/GFC; the high adsorption capacity of Pd/ACC lead suggesting its use in a technology with periodic adsorption and HDC, in similarity to adsorption with regeneration of GAC.
Pd/GFC and Pd–Cu/GFC are promising catalyst for removal of nitrites and nitrates, showing activity and selectivity that compares favorably with those of powdered catalysts.
5.
Uri Zwick 《Algorithmica》2006,46(2):181-192
We present an
-time algorithm for the All Pairs Shortest Paths (APSP) problem for directed graphs with real edge lengths. This slightly
improves previous algorithms for the problem obtained by Fredman, Dobosiewicz, Han, and Takaoka. 相似文献
6.
Uri Cohen 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1977,6(6):607-643
Electrodeposition of both epitaxial and polycrystalline continuous films of dense, coherent, and well-adherent silicon coatings
was achieved from molten fluorides. A dissolving Si anode and an operating temperature of about 750 C were utilized. Silicon
electrocrystallization epitaxy (ECE) produced films with the (111) orientation on Si substrates of the same orientation. The
unintentionally doped films were of p-type character with a resistivity in the range 0.05 - 0.10 Ω-cm. Polycrystalline Si
films were similarly electroplated onto various polycrystalline metal substrates. Uniform coherent, and well-adherent coatings
with grain diameters as large as 40 – 50 μm were obtained. The useful rate of electrodeposition of Si could be significantly
increased by the application of an alternating square wave pulse (ASWP)2technique. Cathodic current pulses as high as 300 mA/cm2 (growth rate of about 5 μm/min) were demonstrated. The cathodic current efficiencies, for all modes of growth, were about
70 – 100%. The effects of the various operating parameters, and some prospective applications to the fabrication of solar
cells, are discussed.
This was paper A-6 in the 18th Annual Electronic Materials Conference, Salt Lake City, June 23–25, 1976. 相似文献
7.
Market power and the deregulation of special access service by the Federal Communications Commission
In 1999, the Federal Communications Commission adopted an order granting complete deregulation of the rates for special access service for specific metropolitan statistical areas based on an objective showing that there was potential competition in that market. This was done in an environment where the local exchange carriers (LECs) subject to price caps were earning a rate of return in excess of 22% with the rate of return on an upward trend. By 2002, the average rate of return across all price cap LECs topped 35%. The questions investigated in this article are whether the price cap LECs have market power in supplying special access service and whether they have taken advantage of this. The data clearly show that this is the case. Given the prevailing situation, there is a clear need to revisit the pricing flexibility order. First, the product market for special access service needs to be more carefully examined and, second, the metrics used to define the potential for competition need to be revamped. 相似文献
8.
Molten salt reactors (MSR) have many non-proliferation attributes. They can operate on the thorium-uranium fuel cycle which protects the fissile material by the daughter products of the inseparable U-232. MSRs can completely fission all plutonium and HEU, and as desired, ‘convert’ them to U-233. This also results in high, and efficient resource utilization, while diminishing the plutonium stock. On line processing, when applied, could free the waste from all fissile material. The fuel in the reactor stays protected by the intense radiation of the fission products. Fuel can also be protected in the reactor as well as outside the reactor by denaturing with natural uranium. A wide variety of MSRs are available, from ‘once through’ minimum processing reactors to ones with fuel processing which can breed fuel for converters. MSRs are extremely safe and simple reactors with good economic potential. 相似文献
9.
Sigal Meirovitch Zvi Shtein Tal Ben-Shalom Shaul Lapidot Carmen Tamburu Xiao Hu Jonathan A. Kluge Uri Raviv David L. Kaplan Oded Shoseyov 《International journal of molecular sciences》2016,17(9)
The fabrication of cellulose-spider silk bio-nanocomposites comprised of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and recombinant spider silk protein fused to a cellulose binding domain (CBD) is described. Silk-CBD successfully binds cellulose, and unlike recombinant silk alone, silk-CBD self-assembles into microfibrils even in the absence of CNCs. Silk-CBD-CNC composite sponges and films show changes in internal structure and CNC alignment related to the addition of silk-CBD. The silk-CBD sponges exhibit improved thermal and structural characteristics in comparison to control recombinant spider silk sponges. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the silk-CBD sponge was higher than the control silk sponge and similar to native dragline spider silk fibers. Gel filtration analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that silk-CBD, but not the recombinant silk control, formed a nematic liquid crystalline phase similar to that observed in native spider silk during the silk spinning process. Silk-CBD microfibrils spontaneously formed in solution upon ultrasonication. We suggest a model for silk-CBD assembly that implicates CBD in the central role of driving the dimerization of spider silk monomers, a process essential to the molecular assembly of spider-silk nanofibers and silk-CNC composites. 相似文献
10.
Multilayer emulsions containing lipid droplets coated by lactoferrin (LF) - anionic polysaccharide layers have improved resistance to environmental stresses (such as pH, salt, and temperature), but their behavior within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is currently unknown. The objective of this research was therefore to monitor changes in the physicochemical properties and digestibility of these systems under simulated GIT conditions. Primary emulsions (5% corn oil, 0.5% LF) were prepared using a high-pressure homogenizer. Secondary emulsions (5% corn oil, 0.5% LF, 0.5% polysaccharide) were prepared by incorporating alginate, low methoxyl pectin (LMP) or high methoxyl pectin (HMP) into primary emulsions. Emulsions were then subjected to simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) conditions in sequence. LF, LF-LMP and LF-HMP emulsions were stable to droplet aggregation in the stomach but aggregated in the small intestine, whereas LF-alginate emulsions aggregated in both the stomach and small intestine. The presence of a dietary fiber coating around the initial lipid droplets had little influence on the total extent of lipid digestion in SIF, but LF-alginate emulsions had a slower initial digestion rate than the other emulsions. These results suggest that the dietary fiber coatings may become detached in the small intestine, or that they were permeable to digestive enzymes. Pepsin was found to have little influence on the physical stability or digestibility of the emulsions. The knowledge obtained from this study is important for the design of delivery systems for encapsulation and release of lipophilic bioactive ingredients. 相似文献