<Emphasis Type="Italic">Google</Emphasis> – Freund oder Feind?

Zusammenfassung Die meisten Internet-Benutzer setzen wohl irgendeinen der Google-Dienste ein, ja sind oft wahrhafte Fans von Google. Sie verwenden beispielsweise die m?chtige Suchmaschine Google, die gro?zügigen und kostenlosen Dienste: Google-E-Mail (Gmail), Google Earth, mit der man die Welt erforschen kann, oder YouTube, die Sammlung von Videoclips, die von Benutzern ins Netz gestellt wurden.     

Macrosegregation in ESR and VAR Processes

The method of heat generation, heat transfer characteristics, and ingot structure are very different in the VAR and ESR processes, which result in different tendencies and mechanisms for macrosegregation formation in forged IN-718. Freckles are niobium rich and can be generated in both ESR and VAR, with higher incidence in ESR than VAR. White spots are niobium lean and can only be found in VAR-processed materials. Freckles are indige-nous in nature, and result from the flow of solute-rich interdendritic liquid in the mushy zone during solidification. The most plausible cause for white spots is exogenous material, which remains unmelted, falling into the molten pool. The best way to minimize the formation of freckles is to improve the ingot heat transfer rate, a more difficult task in ESR than in VAR.     

The course of biodegradation of anionic detergents by analyses for carbon,methylene blue active substance and sulfate ion

Tallow alcohol sulfates, ether alcohol sulfates and esters of α-sulfo tallow fatty acids were degraded aerobically by sewage microorganisms in a system in which detergent was the sole source of C. Biodegradation was followed by loss of C and methylene blue active substance (MBAS) and formation of SO ₄ ⁻⁻ . Tallow alcohol sulfates were rapidly and completely degraded; ether alcohol sulfates not quite as readily. Reduction in MBAS was rapid for the α-sulfo esters but loss of C and SO ₄ ⁻⁻ formation was incomplete, possibly because of the intermediate formation of a resistant sulfosuccinate. Sodiump-(1-methylundecyl) benzenesulfonate (LAS) was the reference standard. Presented at the AOCS Meeting, San Francisco, April 1969.     

Initial high beta operation of the HBT-EP Tokamak

HBT-EP is a new research tokamak designed and built to investigate passive and active feedback techniques to control MHD instabilities. In particular, HBT-EP will be able to test techniques to control fast MHD instabilities occurring at high Troyon-normalized beta, _N Ba/I_p [Tm/MA], since it is equipped with a thick, close-fitting, and adjustable conducting shell. The major goals of the initial operation of HBT-EP have been the achievement of high beta operation (_N 3) using only ohmic heating and the observation of MHD instabilities. By using a unique fast startup technique, we have successfully achieved these goals. A variety of MHD phenomena were observed during the high beta operation of HBT-EP. At modest beta (_N 2), discharges have been maintained for more than 10 msec, and these discharges exhibit saturated resistive instabilities. When _N approaches 3, major disruptions occur preceded by oscillating, growing precursors. During start-up, one or more minor disruptions are usually observed. A 1-D transport code has been used to simulate the evolution of the current profile, and these early minor instabilities are predicted to be double tearing modes. The simulation also reproduces the observed high beta operation when saturated neo-Alcator energy confinement scaling is assumed.     

On grammar forms with terminal context

Summary A context-free grammar form G defines a family of context-free grammars {ie397-01}(G). In this paper {ie397-02}(G) is extended to give the family of terminal context grammars {ie397-03}(G), which were introduced by Book [4]. It is shown that the families of languages defined by {ie397-04}(G) and {ie397-05}(G) are equal when G is an -free context-free grammar form. This generalizes the result of Book [4] for context-free grammars and underlines the usefulness of the notion of grammar forms in formal language theory.The work of the second author was carried out partially under a National Research Council of Canada Grant. No. A-7700 and partially under the auspices of the University of Karlsruhe     

Dispirooxindole-β-Lactams: Synthesis via Staudinger Ketene-Imine Cycloaddition and Biological Evaluation

In this work, we present the first synthesis of dispirooxindole-β-lactams employing optimized methodology of one-pot Staudinger ketene-imine cycloaddition with N-aryl-2-oxo-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acids as the ketene source. Spiroconjugation of indoline-2-one with β-lactams ring is considered to be able to provide stabilization and wide scope of functionalization to resulting scaffolds. The dispipooxindoles obtained demonstrated medium cytotoxicity in the MTT test on A549, MCF7, HEK293, and VA13 cell lines, and one of the compounds demonstrated antibacterial activity against E. coli strain LPTD.