动载体光电稳定平台伺服控制系统设计

基于数字控制器TMS320F28335和驱动器MSK4226模块,利用光纤陀螺作为惯性空间角速率反馈传感器,完成了一种动载体光电稳定平台伺服控制系统的硬件和软件设计.详细介绍了硬件设计要求和原则、实现方法,分析了控制软件需求,设计流程,控制周期.测试结果达到预期要求,并将该系统应用于实际稳定平台设计中.     

ITU和FCC对NGSO卫星的功率通量密度限值研究

文章梳理了《无线电规则》和美国联邦法规之卫星通信中关于功率通量密度的使用条件和范围,对比国际电信联盟和美国联邦通信委员会对不同频段的具体规定,掌握功率通量密度相关规则的适用条件和适用对象。结合典型的非静止轨道星座系统,分析相关操作者对规则的遵守情况,以促进我国空间业务系统与美国相关系统的协调。     

生物轻油中酚类提取物对生物柴油氧化安定性的影响

以竹废料微波裂解制备的生物轻油为原料,采用酸碱-有机溶剂萃取法制酚类提取物作为生物柴油抗氧化剂.结果表明,酸碱-有机溶剂萃取法可以有效地将生物轻油中的酚类抗氧化物质提取出来,且生物轻油中的酚类提取物对生物柴油显示出良好的抗氧化性和油溶性,0.1%的添加量就可以使生物柴油的氧化安定性达到EN 14112-2003标准.通过与TBHQ、BHT、BHA、抗坏血酸抗氧化性对比实验显示,从生物轻油中提取的酚类物质对生物柴油具有不逊于传统化学合成的油脂抗氧化剂的抗氧化效果.     

Isolation and Structure-Activity Relationship of the Antioxidant Chemical Constituents from the Flowers of Rosa chinensis Jacq

The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity, chemical constituents, and structure-activity relationship from the flowers of Rosa chinensis Jacq. The antioxidant activity of the different polar solvent extracts were assayed by a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging experiment. The extract with the strongest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging capacity was further isolated and purified by column chromatography. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis and physiochemical properties. The antioxidant activity of these compounds was assayed by a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging experiment and ascorbic acid was chosen as the positive control. The ethyl acetate fraction had the strongest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. Ten compounds were obtained, represented as: 3,4,8,9,10-pentahydroxydibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-one (1), quercetin (2), kaempferol (3), 3,5,7,4′-tetrahydroxy-8-methoxy-flavone (4), isoquercetrin (5), kampferol 3-O-β-D-glucoside (6), tiliroside (7), kampferol 3-O-(6′′-galloyl)-β-D-glucoside (8), kampferol 3-O-(2′′,6′′-digalloyl)-β-D-glucoside (9), quercetin 3-O-(2′′,6′′-digalloyl)-β-D-glucoside (10). The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging capacity for these compounds, in descending order, were as follows: 10 > 9 > 1 ≈ 8 > 5 > ascorbic acid ≈ 2 > 6 > 7 > 3 > 4. Compounds 1, 8, 9, and 10 have the stronger antioxidant activity. Our results suggested the antioxidant activities of these compounds might be influenced by the number and position of hydroxyl groups in their aromatic rings.     

蔗糖形态对氢化棕榈仁油/可可脂混合体系结晶性质的影响

以氢化棕榈仁油/可可脂(质量比9∶1)混合体系为基料油,采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)考察不同形态蔗糖(结晶糖、糖粉)和卵磷脂对熔化结晶性质的影响。结果表明:未添加卵磷脂时,蔗糖形态对基料油的熔化结晶性质影响不大;添加卵磷脂后,蔗糖颗粒越细,熔化和结晶温度越高;两种形态的蔗糖体系,添加卵磷脂均使结晶温度显著降低。     

Chitosan Controls Postharvest Decay and Elicits Defense Response in Kiwifruit

Chitosan is an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic fungicides for managing postharvest decay of fruits and vegetables. The ability of chitosan to enhance resistance to postharvest gray (Botrytis cinerea) and blue mold (Penicillium expansum) in kiwifruit was investigated. The gene expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes, and total phenolic compounds were determined. Results showed that chitosan at 5 g/L significantly inhibited gray and blue mold in kiwifruit stored at 25 and 4 °C. Chitosan significantly induced the gene expression of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase, as well as increased the enzyme activity. Moreover, chitosan markedly increased the content of total phenolic compounds in kiwifruit. Importantly, chitosan also exhibited beneficial effects on fruit quality. Taken together, the ability of chitosan to reduce mold in stored kiwifruit may be associated with the elicitation of host defense response. These results have practical implications for the application of chitosan to reduce postharvest losses.     

薏米淀粉特性研究

以玉米淀粉、红薯淀粉为对照,系统研究薏米淀粉的理化特性。结果表明,薏米淀粉颗粒形状比较一致,近似为圆形,颗粒大小在3～14脚之间;淀粉颗粒表面光滑,具有清晰可见的偏光十字,偏光十字位于颗粒中央。与对照相比,薏米淀粉糊具有较低的透明度,较差的冻融稳定性,较难凝沉,不易老化。薏米淀粉糊具有非牛顿流体的特性,属于剪切稀化体系。薏米淀粉的糊化曲线与禾谷类淀粉相一致,起糊温度为69．3℃,低于对照,糊的热稳定性较差。碱面、明矾的加入使起始糊化温度升高,改善了薏米淀粉糊的老化性能。碱面提高薏米淀粉糊的热稳定性,而明矾却降低了糊的热稳定性。这些研究结果为指导生产和开发薏米产品提供了理论基础。     

气相色谱-负化学源质谱法测定牛奶中氟虫腈及其代谢物残留

建立了气相色谱-负化学源质谱(GC-NCI-MS)测定牛奶中氟虫腈及其3种代谢物残留量的分析方法。牛奶经乙腈提取后,分散固相萃取技术QuEChERS(Quick,Easy,Cheap,Effective,Rugged,Safe)净化,HP-5MS分离,气相色谱-负化学源质谱进行测定,外标法定量。在质量浓度为2.5~100μg/L范围内,氟虫腈及其3种代谢物均有良好的线性关系,所有目标物的定量限(LQD)(S/N=10)均在0.03~0.15μg/kg范围内。样品加标质量分数为0.01,0.02 mg/kg和0.05 mg/kg时,氟虫腈及其3种代谢物的平均回收率为85.6%~102.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.6%~6.1%。该方法样品前处理简单,分析时间短,回收率和精密度等均符合氟虫腈及其3种代谢物检测技术的要求,适用于牛奶中氟虫腈及其3种代谢物残留的检测。     

Experimental study of water and salt fluxes through reverse osmosis membranes

Water flux and salt rejection rate, which are the two most important parameters in evaluating the performance of a reverse osmosis membrane process, are desirable to be directly related to the membrane properties and operating conditions. However, the membrane transport theories in their general forms are unable to describe the membrane performance satisfactorily. In this study, water and salt fluxes through reverse osmosis membranes were carefully examined with a cross-flow filtration cell under various operating conditions. Experimental results showed that a notable permeate flux was detected when the driving pressure was smaller than the feed osmotic pressure. Water flux increased with the driving pressure nonlinearly before approaching a linear relation with the pressure. In addition, salt transport was highly dependent on both operating pressure and feed salt concentration. A power relationship between salt flux and concentration was correlated well with the experimental data. The equations for water and salt fluxes obtained from this work would provide a facile and accurate means for predicting the membrane performance in design and optimization of reverse osmosis processes.