Extension of Classical IP over ATM to support QoS at the application level

After the introduction of the basic concepts of Classical IP over ATM (CLIP), this paper presents an extension to this standard as well as a full analysis of the technical viability of the extension proposal. One of the major drawbacks of CLIP is the co-existence of IP and ATM without Quality of Service (QoS) support. By extending the functionality of CLIP and redefining the mapping of IP and ATM addresses, QoS can be brought to IP-based applications without requiring any specific definition or implementation changes at the IP layer or above. QACLIP (QoS for Applications using CLIP), the newly defined extension, allows applications to request specific QoS for their data transfer use. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Substituierte Alkinyle als axiale Liganden an häminähnlich gebundenem Eisen(III) - Einordnung in eine spektrochemische Serie

Substituted Alkinyles as Axial Ligands at Hemine Like Bound Iron(III) - Incorporation into a Spectrochemical Series . Substituted lithium alkynyles Li CC R (R = ^tBu, Ph, p-Cl C₆H₄, Me₃Si, ⁱPr₃Si, Ph₃Si) react with the hemine like macrocyclic iron(III) complex 6,13-di(ethoxycarbonyl)-5, 14-dimethyl-1, 4, 8, 11-tetraazatetradeca-4,6,12,14-tetraenato[2⁻]iron(III)-iodide (formula 2 ;) in tetrahydrofuran to form anionic low-spin di-adducts [fe(CC R)₂]⁻. The incorporation of the alkynyles into a spectrochemical series of the axial ligands (studied by the sharp equatorial-ligand-to-metal CT absorption band) results in the wavelength-sequence (nm): OH⁻ (≈︁ 510) « N₃⁻ (≈︁ 625) < ^tBu CC⁻ (664) < NH₃ (666) < Ph CC⁻ (692) < Ph NH₂ (695) < Me₃Si CC⁻ (698) < SCN⁻ (713) < Ph₃Si C  C⁻ (716) < CN⁻ (739) < 4-picoline (759) < pyridine (765) < nicotinamide (776) < methylnicotinat (788) < pyrazine (798) and points to a significant π-acceptor ability of the silyl substituents.     

Spektroskopie und Photochemie indigoider Verbindungen. V. Quantenchemische Berechnungen zum unterschiedlichen UV/S-Spektralverhalten der trans- und cis-Isomeren thioindigoider Verbindungen

Spectroscopy and Photochemistry of Indigoid Compounds. V. Quantum Chemical Calculations on the Different UV/VIS Spectral Behaviour of trans- and cis-Isomers of Thioindigoid Compounds The concept of non-bonding S…O-interaction [3] has been proved for some thioindigoid compounds. The different spectral behaviour of trans- and cis-isomers with regard to the long wave absorption band is mainly dependent on the number of S…O-structural units and on the S…O-distance. As compared to a coplanar structure twisting about the central double bond can result both in an increasing and a decreasing spectral shift.     

Alterations of the enteric nervous system in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis revealed by whole-mount immunohistochemistry

We report the results of a comprehensive search of Drosophila melanogaster DNA sequences in GenBank for di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide repeats of more than four repeat units, and a DNA library screen for dinucleotide repeats. Dinucleotide repeats are more abundant (66%) than tri- (30%) or tetranucleotide (4%) repeats. We estimate that 1917 dinucleotide repeats with 10 or more repeat units are present in the euchromatic D. melanogaster genome and, on average, they occur once every 60 kb. Relative to many other animals, dinucleotide repeats in D. melanogaster are short. Tri- and tetranucleotide repeats have even fewer repeat units on average than dinucleotide repeats. Our WorldWide Web site (http://www.bio.cornell.edu/genetics/aquadro/+ ++aquadro.html) posts the complete list of 1298 microsatellites (> or = five repeat units) identified from the GenBank search. We also summarize assay conditions for 70 D. melanogaster microsatellites characterized in previous studies and an additional 56 newly characterized markers.     

Experimental determination of the boron concentration distribution in the primary circuit of a PWR after a postulated cold leg small break loss-of-coolant-accident with cold leg safety injection

It is known that under-borated coolant can accumulate in the loops and that it can be transported towards the reactor core during a loss-of-coolant-accident. Therefore, the mixing of weakly borated water inside the reactor pressure vessel was investigated using the ROCOM test facility. Wire-mesh sensors based on electrical conductivity measurement are used to measure in detail the spreading of a tracer solution in the facility. The mixing in the downcomer was observed with a measuring grid of 64 azimuthal and 32 vertical positions. The resulting distribution of the boron concentration at the core inlet was measured with a sensor integrated into the lower core support plate providing one measurement position at the entry into each fuel assembly.

The boundary conditions for this mixing experiment are taken from an experiment at the thermal hydraulic test facility PKL operated by AREVA Germany. The slugs, which have a lower density, accumulate in the upper part of the downcomer after entering the vessel. The ECC water injected into the reactor pressure vessel falls almost straight down through this weakly borated water layer and accelerates as it drops over the height of the downcomer. On the outer sides of the ECC streak, lower borated coolant admixes and flows together with the ECC water downwards. This has been found to be the only mechanism of transporting the lower borated water into the lower plenum. In the core inlet plane, a reduced boron concentration is detected only in the outer reaches of the core inlet. The minimum instantaneous boron concentration that was measured at a single fuel element inlet was found to be 66.3% of the initial 2500 ppm.     

Experiments at the mixing test facility ROCOM for benchmarking of CFD codes

For the validation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes, experimental data on fluid flow parameters with high resolution in time and space are needed.Rossendorf Coolant Mixing Model (ROCOM) is a test facility for the investigation of coolant mixing in the primary circuit of pressurized water reactors. This facility reproduces the primary circuit of a German KONVOI-type reactor. All important details of the reactor pressure vessel are modelled at a linear scale of 1:5. The facility is characterized by flexible possibilities of operation in a wide variety of flow regimes and boundary conditions. The flow path of the coolant from the cold legs through the downcomer until the inlet into the core is equipped with high-resolution detectors, in particular, wire mesh sensors in the downcomer of the vessel with a mesh of 64 × 32 measurement positions and in the core inlet plane with one measurement position for the entry into each fuel assembly, to enable high-level CFD code validation. Two different types of experiments at the ROCOM test facility have been proposed for this purpose. The first proposal concerns the transport of a slug of hot, under-borated condensate, which has formed in the cold leg after a small break LOCA, towards the reactor core under natural circulation. The propagation of the emergency core cooling water in the test facility under natural circulation or even stagnant flow conditions should be investigated in the second type of experiment. The measured data can contribute significantly to the validation of CFD codes for complex mixing processes with high relevance for nuclear safety.     

Histochemical detection of lymphatic drainage pathways in the middle nasal meatus

AIM: Assessment of the antihypertensive effect of doxazosin, alpha-1 blocker, as well as its action on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, microcirculation and platelet function in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Doxazosin (tonocardin) treatment was given for 11 weeks to 33 NIDDM patients with concomitant hypertension. The clinical examination comprised evaluation of central hemodynamics, vessels of the fundus of eye, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, renal function, platelet aggregation. RESULTS: Tonocardin produced a fall in the systolic blood pressure (BP) by 14%, in the diastolic BP--by 17%. The 24-h profile of BP, lipid and purine metabolism, microcirculation of the vessels of the fundus of eye also improved. Total peripheral vascular resistance, left ventricular myocardial mass and platelet aggregation. Carbohydrate metabolism remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: Monotherapy with tonocardin (2-8 mg/day) is effective and safe in the treatment of arterial hypertension in NIDDM patients.