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1.
Keith D. Bartle Ayla Çalimli Derry W. Jones Raymond S. Matthews Aral Olcay Hooshang Pakdel Taner Tuǧrul 《Fuel》1979,58(6):423-428
Fractions of Elbistan and Seyitomer (Turkish) lignites, extracted with supercritical toluene at 340 °C and 8 MPa, have been separated by solvent extraction and silica-gel chromatography. Analyses by n.m.r. and i.r. spectroscopies and other methods have been combined in structural-analysis schemes to yield information about the average molecule in aromatic extracts. Carbon aromaticities, fa, derived from 22.63 MHz 1H-decoupled pulse Fourier-transform (PFT) 13C-n.m.r. are more widely spread for Elbistan (0.34–0.56) than for Seyitomer (0.40–0.43), and are lower than for supercritical-gas (SCG) products from bituminous coals. 13C-n.m.r. also reveals the presence of aromatic ether-O in polar fractions. Narrow aromatic signals in 100 MHz 1H-n.m.r. spectra suggest the presence of single-aromatic-ring average structures. In the hexane-soluble aromatics, 27% (Elbistan) and 29% (Seyitomer) of the available sites are substituted by alkyI groups, some of which are at least eight carbon atoms long; the hexane-soluble polar and asphaltene/asphaltol fractions contain fewer such groups. 相似文献
2.
Analysis of the carbon disulphide extracts of nine samples of UK coal-maceral concentrates by 1H highresolution n.m.r. spectroscopy, gas-liquid chromatography and field-desorption mass spectrometry indicates the presence of components with a wide molecular weight range extending up to 1200 amu; these are attributed to n-alkanes up to ≈C50 and highly condensed polynuclear aromatic compounds. 相似文献
3.
Branched-chain/cyclic alkanes have been obtained, by solvent extraction and molecular-sieve adsorption, from a UK low-temperature (Rexco) coal tar, a USA fluidized-bed pyrolysis (FMC COED) coal tar, and a novel supercritical-gas-extract of a Turkish (Elbistan) lignite. Mass spectrometry (with gas chromatography and field-desorption) established the presence of mono-, di (including sesquiterpanes), tri-, tetra- (steranes only), and pentacyclic (triterpanes only) alkanes, including several steranes and triterpanes not previously reported as coal-tar constituents. The potential of cyclic alkanes as geochemical markers, even for commercial coal products subjected to appreciable heat treatment, is demonstrated by the identification of C12, C13, C15 and C16 dicyclics (including isoprenoid alkanes), C17-C26 tricyclics, and C27 and C29 hopane-type pentacyclics (triterpanes) in FMC, and of C16-C38 monocyclics, C34-C36 dicyclics, C22-C36 tricyclics, C27-C30 tetracyclics (steranes), and C27, C29, C30, C31, C32, and C33 hopane-type pentacyclics (triterpanes) in Rexco tar. Tetra- and pentacyclic alkanes were also preserved in the lignite extract. 相似文献
4.
This paper introduces a boring bar system which includes an automatically tuned internal vibration absorber, called a tuned mass damper (TMD). The TMD head can be attached to boring bars with a wide range of lengths. An electromagnetic impulse force actuator is developed to measure the frequency response function (FRF) of the boring bar with an integrated power screw. A portable servo motor is attached to the power screw for adaptive tuning of the vibration damper's stiffness. The measurement and tuning cycle is automated until the negative real part of the FRF is optimized to maximize the chatter-free depth of cut. The system is experimentally validated on boring bars with a wide range of length to diameter ratios. 相似文献
5.
T.E. Derry E.K. Nshingabigwi M. Levitt S.R. Naidoo 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms》2009,267(16):2705-2707
It has formerly been shown that low-damage levels, produced during the implantation doping of diamond as a semiconductor, anneal easily while high levels “graphitize” (above about 5.2 × 1015 ions/cm2). The difference in the defect types and their profiles, in the two cases, has never been directly observed. We have succeeded in using cross-section transmission electron microscopy to do so. The experiments were difficult because the specimens must be polished to ∼40 μm thickness, then implanted on edge and annealed, before final ion beam thinning to electron transparency. The low-damage micrographs reveal some deeply penetrating dislocations, whose existence had been predicted in earlier work. 相似文献
6.
7.
Cameron Derry Yiliang Wu Shiping Zhu Jamal Deen 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2013,42(12):3481-3488
A nonpercolating network of non-covalently functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes was embedded within air-stable poly[5,5′-bis(3-dodecyl-2-thienyl)-2,2′-bithiophene] (PQT-12) thin films for the purpose of enhancing the field-effect mobility in thin-film transistors. The host polymer was used to stabilize the nanotubes in suspension through π-orbital overlap caused by simple application of ultrasonication. The stable nanotube suspension was cast into two different device architectures, both of which exhibited excellent on/off ratios ranging from 105 to 106 and dramatically improved mobilities compared with pristine PQT-12 semiconductor. A single-layer film with nanotubes embedded throughout was easy to fabricate and had mobility up to 0.34 cm2/Vs, an enhancement of over 3× compared with PQT-12. Placing the nanotubes closer to the dielectric surface in a dual-layer approach resulted in a mobility improvement of up to six times (0.58 cm2/Vs). The effects of the nanotube content on the polymer interaction within the suspension, film morphology, and electrical properties were investigated as well. 相似文献
8.
J. Derry 《Journal of Computer Assisted Learning》2007,23(6):503-510
Abstract The issues raised by the design and development of technologies to enhance learning has led to a demand for an appropriate language and form of conceptualization. However, we are insufficiently familiar with the way in which different types of mediated tool use occur, to develop the theoretical models needed for the development of this language and form of conceptualization. In its absence a somewhat eclectic variety of concepts and research, such as the concept of affordance, are recruited in accounts of learning with new technologies. In looking briefly at the relevant area in philosophy this paper will consider whether or not the use of concepts such as affordance give adequate weight to social practice, meaning and knowledge in the design of educational technology. A fruitful source for work in this field which has not been sufficiently exploited is philosophy, particularly recent work in epistemology. 相似文献
9.
Ronald Machaka Rudolph M. Erasmus Trevor E. Derry 《Diamond and Related Materials》2010,19(10):1131-1134
The structural modifications of polycrystalline hexagonal boron nitride implanted with He+ beams at energies between 200 keV and 1.2 MeV to fluences of 1.0 × 1017 ions cm? 2 were investigated using micro-Raman spectroscopy. The measured Raman spectra show evidence of implantation-induced structural transformations from the hexagonal phase to nanocrystalline cubic boron nitride, rhombohedral boron nitride and amorphous boron nitride phases. The first-order Longitudinal-Optical cubic boron nitride phonon was observed to be downshifted and asymmetrically broadened and this was explained using the spatial correlation model coupled with the high ion implantation-induced defect density. 相似文献
10.