分析建筑设计中的节能措施

在能源日益紧张的今天,开展建筑节能,走可持续发展的道路是必然趋势。做好建筑节能设计是建筑设计部门和设计人员的重要职责,这就要求在设计过程中要注意节能技术的使用。     

岩体工程系统失稳的能量突变判断准则及其应用

在明确区分了岩五材料的破坏与岩石工程系统失稳破坏不同含义的基础上,提出了在用有限元计算模拟地下岩石开挖工程和实际工程设计中,不应简单地将岩石材料的破坏与岩石工程系统的破坏用同样的破坏准则加以判断的观点.运用系统能量的原理,借助突变理论的方法,导出了岩体工程开挖系统失稳破坏的能量突变准则,并将其引入有限元程序中,用以判断岩体工程系统失稳的可能性.通过对金川二矿区大面积龙矿柱胶结允填采场稳定性的有限元模拟分析,证明所提出观点和判断准则是正确的,只有一定的实用价值.     

高通量工程试验堆栅元型随堆辐照装置的研制、试验与应用

高通量工程试验堆(HFETR)内的栅元型辐照装置具有较大的灵活性和适用性。几年来,我们使用这类装置开展了一系列材料考验及同位素生产工作。本文介绍了这类装置的设计思想、应用范围、结构特点和试验结果。可供进一步开展栅元型装置研制工作参考。     

两相脉冲爆震发动机的燃油喷射、混合及其雾化研究

两相爆震燃烧近来得到了广泛的重视和关注,但在它走向应用之前仍有很多问题需要解决。燃油的喷射、混合和雾化对两相爆震燃烧的影响就是其中之一。本文利用激光喷雾测量仪分别就直射喷嘴与气动喷嘴研究了汽油的喷射雾化与混合雾化,得到了汽油的雾化粒度与供油量、供气量间的关系。利用CFD程序对混合室中油、气的混合特性进行了模拟,结果与试验结果非常吻合。结合脉冲爆震发动机模型机多循环爆震试验,发现汽油的粒度大小对脉冲爆震模型机的油气当量比、燃油填充比有显著的影响。     

Phosphorus load estimation in the Saginaw River, MI using a Bayesian hierarchical/multilevel model

We propose the use of Bayesian hierarchical/multilevel ratio approach to estimate the annual riverine phosphorus loads in the Saginaw River, Michigan, from 1968 to 2008. The ratio estimator is known to be an unbiased, precise approach for differing flow-concentration relationships and sampling schemes. A Bayesian model can explicitly address the uncertainty in prediction by using a posterior predictive distribution, while in comparison, a Bayesian hierarchical technique can overcome the limitation of interpreting the estimated annual loads inferred from small sample sizes by borrowing strength from the underlying population shared by the years of interest. Thus, by combining the ratio estimator with the Bayesian hierarchical modeling framework, long-term loads estimation can be addressed with explicit quantification of uncertainty. Our study results indicate a slight decrease in total phosphorus load early in the series. The estimated ratio parameter, which can be interpreted as flow-weighted concentration, shows a clearer decrease, damping the noise that yearly flow variation adds to the load. Despite the reductions, it is not likely that Saginaw Bay meets with its target phosphorus load, 440 tonnes/yr. Throughout the decades, the probabilities of the Saginaw Bay not complying with the target load are estimated as 1.00, 0.50, 0.57 and 0.36 in 1977, 1987, 1997, and 2007, respectively. We show that the Bayesian hierarchical model results in reasonable goodness-of-fits to the observations whether or not individual loads are aggregated. Also, this modeling approach can substantially reduce uncertainties associated with small sample sizes both in the estimated parameters and loads.     

Evaluation of drainage system around a lined pilot cavern for underground cryogenic LNG storage

A lined pilot cavern for underground cryogenic LNG (liquefied natural gas) storage was constructed in granite in Daejeon, Korea in 2003 and commissioned in 2004. As the hydrostatic pressure of groundwater and thermal stress due to the formation of ice lenses may damage the containment system, rock drainage around the pilot cavern is needed to maintain the stability of the containment system. Once the drainage works were completed, the level of groundwater around the pilot cavern was controlled using drainage holes to form an ice ring as a second barrier to prevent the leakage of LNG from the cavern. In order to establish the drainage system for the pilot cavern, 15 boreholes were drilled into the rock. Fractures in the rock mass around the pilot cavern were characterized to determine the most appropriate orientation for the drainage holes. The major joints acting as conduits for inflow water were designed for efficient drainage. After the 15 drainage holes were drilled and their efficiency tested during the dry season in April 2003, it was found that there was a problem with the inflow of water through the main joint along the right-hand wall of the cavern, indicating the system was less efficient on the right-hand side. Hence, three more boreholes were drilled in the correct direction on the right-hand wall of the cavern. A second drainage test was conducted during the rainy season in August. This showed some seepage into the bottom of the pilot cavern. In order to reduce this seepage, two more additional drainage holes were drilled and grouted below the concrete invert. Although the drainage system was very efficient, weak points in the system were found by testing and changes were made to the system to improve its efficiency.     

东莞市青少年活动中心结构设计

文章详细介绍了东莞市青少年活动中心的整体结构方案、结构分析计算以及针对于该结构的特殊性所采用的构造措施。