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排序方式: 共有147条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Kaarina Aarnisalo Kaija Tallavaara Gun Wirtanen Riitta Maijala Laura Raaska 《Food Control》2006,17(12):1001-1011
The hygienic working practices of the maintenance personnel as well as the hygiene of the equipment in the food industry were investigated with questionnaires and microbial surveys. The protective clothing, washing of hands and tools as well as avoiding foreign bodies left on the production lines should be targeted when the hygienic working practices are developed for maintenance personnel. Based on the questionnaire to food processors, packaging machines, conveyers, dispensers, slicing and cooling machines were considered the most problematic pieces of equipment hygienically mainly because of poor hygienic design. In order to improve food safety, both the training of maintenance personnel in food hygiene and equipment design should be more emphasised. 相似文献
2.
Katariina Rahkamaa-Tolonen Teuvo Maunula Mari Lomma Mika Huuhtanen Riitta L. Keiski 《Catalysis Today》2005,100(3-4):217-222
The activity of fresh and hydrothermally aged zeolite-based catalysts in the NH3-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reaction with excess of oxygen were studied. In addition, the effect of NO2 in the gas feed as well as the acidity of the catalysts for the SCR activity was investigated. The studied catalysts were hydrogen, copper, iron and silver ion exchanged ZSM-5, mordenite, beta, ferrierite, and Y-zeolites. The investigation verifies that the zeolite-based catalysts are very promising for the ammonia SCR reaction. Especially, the activity at low and high temperatures was higher than the activity of commercial vanadia-based catalysts. From the studied catalysts, Fe-beta was the most potential one. The presence of NO2 in the inlet flow enhanced significantly the catalytic activity of fresh and hydrothermally aged zeolite catalysts. This suggests that the oxidation of NO to NO2 is probably the rate-determining step for the SCR reaction. 相似文献
3.
Pauliina Jäkälä Anu M. Turpeinen Kirsi Rajakari Riitta Korpela Heikki Vapaatalo 《International Dairy Journal》2010,20(5):366-370
Milk casein-derived biologically active tripeptides isoleucine–proline–proline and valine–proline–proline have shown antihypertensive effects both in animal and clinical studies. Contradictory findings from clinical intervention studies may be related to different manufacturing processes. The present study aimed to compare cardiovascular effects of two different tripeptide powders in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Rats received tripeptide powders produced either by Lactobacillus helveticus fermentation (A) or Lb. helveticus plus proline specific endoprotease (B) in drinking fluid for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure was recorded weekly. At the end, blood and tissue samples were collected and arterial responses studied. Blood pressure was 13.6 and 14.2 mmHg lower in the groups A and B, respectively, versus the water group (P < 0.01). Vascular responses of aorta and mesenteric artery did not differ between the groups. Both tripeptide products increased urinary cGMP (P < 0.001) and decreased albumin (P < 0.05). The fermentation process did not influence the cardiovascular effects of the tripeptide powders. 相似文献
4.
Katja M?enp?? Ville Ell? Jari Mauno Minna Kellom?ki Riitta Suuronen Timo Ylikomi Susanna Miettinen 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2010,7(42):177-188
There is currently no suitable replacement for damaged temporomandibular joint (TMJ) discs after discectomy. In the present study, we fabricated bilayer biodegradable polylactide (PLA) discs comprising a non-woven mat of poly(L/D)lactide (P(L/D)LA) 96/4 and a P(L/DL)LA 70/30 membrane plate. The PLA disc was examined in combination with adipose stem cells (ASCs) for tissue engineering of the fibrocartilaginous TMJ disc in vitro. ASCs were cultured in parallel in control and chondrogenic medium for a maximum of six weeks. Relative expression of the genes, aggrecan, type I collagen and type II collagen present in the TMJ disc extracellular matrix increased in the ASC-seeded PLA discs in the chondrogenic medium. The hypertrophic marker, type X collagen, was moderately induced. Alcian blue staining showed accumulation of sulphated glycosaminoglycans. ASC differentiation in the PLA discs was close to that observed in pellet cultures. Comparison of the mRNA levels revealed that the degree of ASC differentiation was lower than that in TMJ disc-derived cells and tissue. The pellet format supported the phenotype of the TMJ disc-derived cells under chondrogenic conditions and also enhanced their hyalinization potential, which is considered part of the TMJ disc degeneration process. Accordingly, the combination of ASCs and PLA discs has potential for the development of a tissue-engineered TMJ disc replacement. 相似文献
5.
Ekholm M Hietanen J Tulamo RM Muhonen J Lindqvist C Kellomäki M Suuronen R 《Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine》2003,14(10):913-918
Biodegradable polymers, mainly derivates of -hydroxy acids, are widely used today in oral- and maxillofacial surgery, orthopedics, and other fields of surgery. These biomaterials are well tolerated by living tissue and fracture fixation devices made of polylactic or polyglycolic acid are clinically widely used today. Still, there are some problems in application of biodegradable polymers. Abacterial inflammatory reactions have been noticed after the clinical introduction of these devices. Both swelling and pain at the site of implantation have also been reported. The etiology of this inflammatory reaction is still unknown, despite the numerous studies. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to further characterize this inflammatory reaction in detail, by electronmicroscopy. We prepared a mixture of -caprolactone–lactide copolymer and tricalcium phosphate and placed it in the dermis in 12 sheep. Follow-up times were 9, 14, 24, and 52 weeks. We found that the mixture caused a mild inflammatory reaction. There were no signs of cell damage. Fibroblasts, macrophages, and eosinophils were found adjacent to the copolymer. The mixture is easy to handle and can be moulded into different shapes in room temperature. The results encourage us to continue our studies to develop a filling material for bone defects. 相似文献
6.
Juha Nikkola Riitta Mahlberg Juha Mannila Saila Jämsä 《Journal of Coatings Technology and Research》2010,7(4):441-448
Recently, inorganic–organic hybrid coatings produced by the sol–gel route have proven to be a potential protective treatment
for wooden surfaces. In this study, the effect of curing process on simulated antisoiling properties of sol–gel coating was
investigated. The sol–gel coating was spray-coated on pine sapwood and cured with different temperature and time combinations.
The antisoiling properties were studied by measuring the water contact angle of the coating after different curing processes.
In addition, abrasion resistance and contact angle of oleic acid were measured. An optical profilometer was used to investigate
surface roughness of the coating. Sufficient hydro- and oleophobicity were obtained with all of the curing parameters. The
comparison between curing parameters showed that lower temperature and 1–3 h curing time leads to significant improvement
in the durability of the water and oil repellent properties of the coating. 相似文献
7.
Tanja Kolli Katariina Rahkamaa-Tolonen Ulla Lassi Auli Savimki Riitta L. Keiski 《Catalysis Today》2005,100(3-4):303-307
In this study, Pd/Al2O3 and Pd/BaO/Al2O3 metallic monoliths were used to investigate the effect of BaO in C2H4 and CO oxidation as well as in NO reduction. A FT-IR gas analyser was used to study the activity of the catalysts. Several activity experiments carried out with dissimilar feedstreams revealed that BaO enhances CO and C2H4 oxidation as well as NO reduction reactions in rich conditions. This effect is due to BaO, which causes a decrease in the ethene poisoning of palladium. In lean conditions BaO is present in the form of Ba(OH)2 which reacts with oxidised NO releasing water. Therefore, NO was stored during the lean reaction. 相似文献
8.
The broad aim of this interpretive study was to investigate the lived experiences of inter-organisational information system (IOIS) project members who worked in a 3-year-long IOIS project. The study presents an original longitudinal study of project member experiences. In this paper, we have described and analysed one core category, project power, which was derived from a grounded theory (GT) study. This study extends existing theories about power in organisational contexts, in particular the everyday use of power in projects. The paper shows how GT can be used to gain significant insights into a case study, and also generate new concepts. This paper gives detailed insights into the power issues as they played out in a complex IOIS project. This IOIS project spanned four user organisations, two suppliers, one national organisation, a research organisation and a government Ministry. One key finding is that, given the complexity of the project management structures in an IOIS project such as this, project members often resorted to formal authority as a means of getting things done, in the absence of informal links between organisations. The project history also had major ramifications on the use of power in this project. 相似文献
9.
Reetta Sartoneva Anne-Marie Haaparanta Tuija Lahdes-Vasama Bettina Mannerstr?m Minna Kellom?ki Minna Salom?ki George Sándor Riitta Sepp?nen Susanna Miettinen Suvi Haimi 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2012,9(77):3444-3454
Different synthetic biomaterials such as polylactide (PLA), polycaprolactone and poly-l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone (PLCL) have been studied for urothelial tissue engineering, with favourable results. The aim of this research was to further optimize the growth surface for human urothelial cells (hUCs) by comparing different PLCL-based membranes: smooth (s) and textured (t) PLCL and knitted PLA mesh with compression-moulded PLCL (cPLCL). The effects of topographical texturing on urothelial cell response and mechanical properties under hydrolysis were studied. The main finding was that both sPLCL and tPLCL supported hUC growth significantly better than cPLCL. Interestingly, tPLCL gave no significant advantage to hUC attachment or proliferation compared with sPLCL. However, during the 14 day assessment period, the majority of cells were viable and maintained phenotype on all the membranes studied. The material characterization exhibited potential mechanical characteristics of sPLCL and tPLCL for urothelial applications. Furthermore, the highest elongation of tPLCL supports the use of this kind of texturing. In conclusion, in light of our cell culture results and mechanical characterization, both sPLCL and tPLCL should be further studied for urothelial tissue engineering. 相似文献
10.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) concentrations were measured at different stages in a full-scale sewage treatment plant (STP) and mass balances were calculated. The DEHP load to treatment process coming from the sewer system and the internal load comprising returned supernatants and filtrate from sludge treatment and excess secondary sludge were at the same level. The DEHP removal efficiency from the water phase at the STP was on average 94% of sewage DEHP, the main removal process being sorption to primary and secondary sludges. On average 29% of DEHP was calculated to be removed in the biological nitrifying-denitrifying activated sludge process, which was much less than expected from laboratory biodegradation studies described in literature. Monoethylhexyl phthalate, the primary biotransformation product of DEHP, was not detected at any treatment stage. Approximately 32% of DEHP in sewage was removed during anaerobic digestion of the sludge, while 32% remained in the digested and dewatered sludge. 相似文献