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1.
Bettina Berendt 《Data mining and knowledge discovery》2012,24(3):697-737
Over the last decade, privacy has been widely recognised as one of the major problems of data collections in general and the
Web in particular. This concerns specifically data arising from Web usage (such as querying or transacting) and social networking
(characterised by rich self-profiling including relational information) and the inferences drawn from them. The data mining
community has been very conscious of these issues and has addressed in particular the inference problems through various methods
for “privacy-preserving data mining” and “privacy-preserving data publishing”. However, it appears that these approaches by
themselves cannot effectively solve the privacy problems posed by mining. We argue that this is due to the underlying notions
of privacy and of data mining, both of which are too narrow. Drawing on notions of privacy not only as hiding, but as control
and negotiation, as well as on data mining not only as modelling, but as the whole cycle of knowledge discovery, we offer
an alternative view. This is intended to be a comprehensive view of the privacy challenges as well as solution approaches
along all phases of the knowledge discovery cycle. The paper thus combines a survey with an outline of an agenda for a comprehensive,
interdisciplinary view of Web mining and privacy. 相似文献
2.
Bettina Steinmann 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1990,39(9):2005-2026
The anhydride curing of epoxides was studied by performing copolymerizations of epichlorohydrin, phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE), or bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether (BADGE) with phthalic anhydride (PSA). As initiators, tertiary amines or ammonium salts were used. In the case of epichlorohydrin, linear polyesters were obtained at 100°C. At higher temperatures (140–160°C), a side reaction of the CH2Cl group took place which caused branching and partial crosslinking of the polymer. The reaction of phenyl glycidyl ether with phthalic anhydride gave linear, strongly alternating copolymers at temperatures of 120–160°C. Molecular weights (M¯n) were in the range of 4000–87,000, depending on the purity of the starting materials and the initiator used. The reaction of the diepoxide BADGE with phthalic anhydride yielded highly crosslinked products. Their crosslink densities (which correlate with the glass transition temperature Tg). however, did not show the same dependence on initiator and purity of the starting materials as the molecular weights of the linear polyesters obtained by the “model reaction” of PGE with PSA. Possible reasons for this effect are discussed. 相似文献
3.
Verbeek K Buchin K Speckmann B 《IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics》2011,17(12):2536-2544
Flow maps are thematic maps that visualize the movement of objects, such as people or goods, between geographic regions. One or more sources are connected to several targets by lines whose thickness corresponds to the amount of flow between a source and a target. Good flow maps reduce visual clutter by merging (bundling) lines smoothly and by avoiding self-intersections. Most flow maps are still drawn by hand and only few automated methods exist. Some of the known algorithms do not support edge-bundling and those that do, cannot guarantee crossing-free flows. We present a new algorithmic method that uses edge-bundling and computes crossing-free flows of high visual quality. Our method is based on so-called spiral trees, a novel type of Steiner tree which uses logarithmic spirals. Spiral trees naturally induce a clustering on the targets and smoothly bundle lines. Our flows can also avoid obstacles, such as map features, region outlines, or even the targets. We demonstrate our approach with extensive experiments. 相似文献
4.
Bettina Biel Author Vitae Volker Gruhn Author Vitae 《Journal of Systems and Software》2010,83(11):2031-2044
Designing easy to use mobile applications is a difficult task. In order to optimize the development of a usable mobile application, it is necessary to consider the mobile usage context for the design and the evaluation of the user-system interaction of a mobile application. In our research we designed a method that aligns the inspection method “Software ArchitecTure analysis of Usability Requirements realizatioN” SATURN and a mobile usability evaluation in the form of a user test. We propose to use mobile context factors and thus requirements as a common basis for both inspection and user test. After conducting both analysis and user test, the results described as usability problems are mapped and discussed. The mobile context factors identified define and describe the usage context of a mobile application. We exemplify and apply our approach in a case study. This allows us to show how our method can be used to identify more usability problems than with each method separately. Additionally, we could confirm the validity and identified the severity of usability problems found by both methods. Our work presents how a combination of both methods allows to address usability issues in a more holistic way. We argue that the increased quantity and quality of results can lead to a reduction of the number of iterations required in early stages of an iterative software development process. 相似文献
5.
Bettina Fazzinga Sergio Flesca Andrea Tagarelli 《Knowledge and Information Systems》2011,26(1):127-173
An effective solution to automate information extraction from Web pages is represented by wrappers. A wrapper associates a Web page with an XML document that represents part of the information in that page in a machine-readable
format. Most existing wrapping approaches have traditionally focused on how to generate extraction rules, while they have
ignored potential benefits deriving from the use of the schema of the information being extracted in the wrapper evaluation. In this paper, we investigate how the schema of extracted information
can be effectively used in both the design and evaluation of a Web wrapper. We define a clean declarative semantics for schema-based wrappers by introducing the notion of (preferred) extraction model, which is essential to compute a valid XML document containing
the information extracted from a Web page. We developed the SCRAP (SChema-based wRAPper for web data) system for the proposed schema-based wrapping approach, which also provides visual support tools to the wrapper designer.
Moreover, we present a wrapper generalization framework to profitably speed up the design of schema-based wrappers. Experimental
evaluation has shown that SCRAP wrappers are not only able to successfully extract the required data, but also they are robust
to changes that may occur in the source Web pages. 相似文献
6.
Akira Masutani Tony Roberts Bettina Schüller Nadine Hollfelder Pinar Kilickiran Akira Sakaigawa Gabriele Nelles Akio Yasuda 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2008,16(1):137-141
Abstract— A polymer‐dispersed liquid‐crystal (PDLC) matrix template embedded with nano/microparticles can be backfilled/infiltrated with a dye‐doped liquid crystal for a paper‐like reflective display. In this way, a desirable degree of diffusion can be realized to reduce the viewing‐angle dependency of a gain reflector and metallic glare without changing other electro‐optical properties. 相似文献
7.
Gene expression changes in a transgenic mouse model overexpressing human wildtype and mutant torsinA
Grundmann K Hübener J Häbig K Reischmann B Poths S Hauser TK Magg J Riess O Bonin M Nguyen HP 《Proteomics. Clinical applications》2008,2(5):720-736
Primary torsion dystonia is an autosomal-dominantly inherited, neurodevelopmental movement disorder caused by a GAG deletion (ΔGAG) in the DYT1 gene, encoding torsinA. This mutation is responsible for approximately 70% of cases of early-onset primary torsion dystonia. The function of wildtype torsinA is still unknown, and it is unsolved how the deletion in the DYT1 gene contributes to the development of the disease. To better understand the molecular processes involved in torsinA pathology, we used genome-wide oligonucleotide microarrays to characterize gene expression patterns in the striatum of mouse models overexpressing the human wildtype and mutant torsinA. By this approach we were able to detect gene expression changes that seem to be specific for torsinA pathology. We found an impact of torsinA, independent from genotype, on vesicle trafficking, exocytosis, and neurotransmitter release in our mouse model. In addition, we were able to identify several new pathways and processes involved in the development of the nervous system that are affected by wildtype and mutant torsinA. Furthermore, we have striking evidence from our gene expression data that glutamate receptor mediated synaptic plasticity in the striatum is the affected underlying cellular process for impaired motor learning in human ΔGAG torsinA transgenic mice. 相似文献
8.
Tim D. Sparks Bettina N. Bockelmann-Evans Roger A. Falconer 《Water Resources Management》2013,27(8):2989-3004
DIVAST is a two-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality numerical model developed for estuarine and coastal modelling. The original model enables the simulation of problems such as pollution and flooding in surface waters. In this paper the existing model is extended to allow the modelling of 2-D groundwater as well as surface water in the same model, using an integrated approach rather than two disparate models. The changes to the original model are summarised and the method of implementation is outlined. The new extended model (DIVAST-SG) is then tested against an analytical solution to verify that the model solves the equations correctly. The model is shown to predict the analytical solution for two different scenarios to within approximately 1 % of the height of flood wave. 相似文献
9.
The articles collected in this number all originate from a section of the 2004 annual meeting of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Medizin, Naturwissenschaft und Technik.The section was organized by the Berlin Feminist Science Studies Workgroup (BFSSW) at the Max Planck Institute for the History
of Science, Berlin. The contributions are dedicated to recent accounts and research topics in a field constituted by the intersection
between 20th century (life) sciences and gender studies.They view modern life sciences as situated in hybrid fields of theory
and practice, public and scientific discourse, of experimental procedures and practices of control. Methodological approaches
range from Derrida’s notion of deconstruction, Foucault’s regulatory power and governmentality, Butler’s method of analyzing
performativity and Haraway’s situated knowledge. They focus on dispositifs of research and regulation, visualizing procedures
in the human sciences, and the emergence of new objects of biopolitics. One contribution focuses on the ‘politics of emotions’
and the paradoxical effects of laughter in ‘sexed’ and ‘gendered’ discourses and explores the productivity of humor for a
gender-sensitive way of ‘doing history’. This introduction deals with recent developments in – mainly German – gender studies
during the last two decades under the triple perspective of women in science, science of gender and gender in science.
Geschlechterforschung ist Wissenschaftsforschung – Wissenschaftsforschung ist Geschlechterforschung Einführung in den Themenschwerpunkt “Wissenschaftsgeschichte als Geschlechtergeschichte”相似文献
10.
Rainer Keller Edgar Gabriel Bettina Krammer Matthias S. Müller Michael M. Resch 《Journal of Grid Computing》2003,1(2):133-149
The message passing interface (MPI) is a standard used by many parallel scientific applications. It offers the advantage of a smoother migration path for porting applications from high performance computing systems to the Grid. In this paper Grid-enabled tools and libraries for developing MPI applications are presented. The first is MARMOT, a tool that checks the adherence of an application to the MPI standard. The second is PACX-MPI, an implementation of the MPI standard optimized for Grid environments. Besides the efficient development of the program, an optimal execution is of paramount importance for most scientific applications. We therefore discuss not only performance on the level of the MPI library, but also several application specific optimizations, e.g., for a sparse, parallel equation solver and an RNA folding code, like latency hiding, prefetching, caching and topology-aware algorithms. 相似文献