Corrosion morphology of AZ91D exposed in an atmospheric environment

The focused ion beam technique was employed to investigate the atmospheric corrosion morphology of AZ91D. It was found that the α matrix of the alloy was preferentially corroded in the areas adjacent to intermetallic phases. The most interesting finding was that the corrosion products in corrosion cavities were pelletlike, which has never been reported before.     

Mining predecessor–successor rules from DAG data

Data mining extracts implicit, previously unknown, and potentially useful information from databases. Many approaches have been proposed to extract information, and one of the most important ones is finding association rules. Although a large amount of research has been devoted to this subject, none of it finds association rules from directed acyclic graph (DAG) data. Without such a mining method, the hidden knowledge, if any, cannot be discovered from the databases storing DAG data such as family genealogy profiles, product structures, XML documents, task precedence relations, and course structures. In this article, we define a new kind of association rule in DAG databases called the predecessor–successor rule, where a node x is a predecessor of another node y if we can find a path in DAG where x appears before y. The predecessor–successor rules enable us to observe how the characteristics of the predecessors influence the successors. An approach containing four stages is proposed to discover the predecessor–successor rules. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 21: 621–637, 2006.     

实体造型中的几何约束

实体造型是一个基于约束的过程，完成从功能约束到几何约束、再到代数约束的转化而得到实体模型。本文讨论了几何约束的层次性及其表示，并且对几何约束同设计意图的关系进行了研究，提出了基于ＣＳＧ／ＧＣＧ／Ｂ－ｒｅｐ的模型表示。     

High-resolution electron microscopy of the twinning and intergrowth in Ca4Al6SO16 and Ca3SrAl6SO16

The microstructures of unhydrated calcium aluminosulphate Ca₄Al₆SO₁₆ and Ca₃SrAl₆SO₁₆ have been studied by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). The results showed that twinning and twinned slabs could be introduced taking the [1 1 2] direction as the twin axis so that it seems to be coincident with the law of twinning formed in body-centred cubic structures. A previously reported superlattice with a repeat period twice that of the fundamental structure along the 〈1 1 0〉 direction has also been found in both matrix and twin variants. The close intergrowth of Ca₃SrAl₆SO₁₆ and another phase, possibly Sr₃Al₂O₆ existing as an inclusion between these two twin variants, was determined and clearly revealed by electron diffraction and HREM images. The coherent interphase boundaries and orientation relationship between them can also be deduced.     

以奥林匹克精神为纲——中国运动鞋品牌运行之我见

2008年29届奥运会在北京举行，使得有关奥运的话题成为热门中的热门，与运动有关或无关的众多品牌、厂商对北京奥运年均寄予厚望，为赢取更大的收获和提升品牌知名度作最大的努力。其实早在几年前，国内外运动鞋品牌企业就已经大张旗鼓，在产品研发与广告宣传等多方面投入重金，为在这次北京奥运年带来的难得契机中处于市场制高点或明或隐地博杀着。     

Protoplast from <Emphasis Type="Italic">β</Emphasis>-carotene-producing fungus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Blakeslea trispora</Emphasis>: Preparation,regeneration and validation

The effects of key parameters on the preparation and regeneration of protoplast from the β-carotene-producing fungus Blakeslea trispora were discussed in this paper, including the combination of various enzymes, mycelial age, digesting time and temperature, pH value, osmotic stabilizers, pretreatment, culture medium and culture method. Under the condition of mixed enzymes in osmotic stabilizer (0.6 M NaCl) combined with 2% lysozyme, 3% cellulase and 3% snailase, the highest protoplast yield, as high as 7.48×106 protoplasts/mL, was obtained when mycelial age was 60 h at pH 5.0–6.0 with digesting for 14–16 h at 28 °C. After purification of the obtained protoplasts, they were regenerated in PDA regenerative medium using bilayer plate culture method. To validate the usability of the protoplasts, a novel plasmid with green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used in transformation for easy visual observation. The results showed that the protoplasts prepared by the optimized method were active and applicable in further gene manipulation experiments. This work was presented at 13 ^th YABEC symposium held at Seoul, Korea, October 20–22, 2007.     

Synthesis of TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Hybrid Molecular Imprinted Polymer for Ethofumesate Linked by Silane Coupling Agent

TiO₂ hybrid molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) for ethofumesate using methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer and silane coupling agent 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propylmethacrylate (KH570) as organic–inorganic connective bridge was synthesized via photo-excitation method. Hydrogen bond was proved to act between MAA and ethofumesate for pre- and post-polymerization binding properties as testified by UV spectrometric method. KH570 modified TiO₂ nanoparticles were prepared via sonochemical reaction, which can accelerate hydrolysis, increase collision chance for the reactive system and improve the dispersion of the nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), binding and the adsorption kinetics experiments as well as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed for characterization. The results indicated that the hybrid MIP revealed a larger surface area and more ordered imprinting cavities with improved thermal stability compared to organic-only MIP. Furthermore, faster adsorption kinetics and enhancive adsorption capacity were achieved, which made it promising in chemical sensor applications.     

Free-Edge and Ply Cracking Effect in Angle-Ply Laminated Composites Subjected to In-Plane Loads

This paper presents a semianalytical method for the prediction of interlaminar stresses and displacements near the free edges and ply cracks in general angle-ply laminates subjected to biaxial extensions and/or in plane shear deformation. The method is based on a state space representation of the three-dimensional equations of elasticity. Numerical solutions are obtained by using layer refinement in the through thickness direction and Fourier series expansion in the other directions. By this approach, an angle-ply laminate may be composed of an arbitrary number of monoclinic layers and each layer may have different material property and thickness. This method guarantees continuous fields of all interlaminar stresses across interfaces between material layers. Numerical results are compared with those obtained from other methods. It is found that the theory provides a satisfactory approximation to the stress singularities near the free edges and ply cracks. Numerical solutions for antisymmetric laminates under extension and general laminates under shearing are new in the literature and can be used as benchmarks for validating new models.     

The thermal behavior of mechanically activated galena by thermogravimetry analysis

The thermal decompositions of mechanically activated and nonactivated galenas were studied by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) at the heating rate of 10 K min⁻¹ in argon. Results indicate that the initial temperature of thermal decomposition (abbreviated as T _di) in the TGA curves for different galenas decreases gradually with increased grinding time. The specific granulometric surface area (S _G), the structural disorder, and the content of elemental sulfur of mechanically activated galenas were analyzed by an X-ray diffraction (XRD) laser particle-size analyzer, XRD analysis, and the gravimetric method, respectively, which shows that the specific granulometric surface area of mechanically activated galenas remains almost constant after a certain grinding time, but the lattice distortions (ε) rise, the crystallite sizes (D) decrease, and the elemental sulfur contents of mechanically activated galenas increase with increased grinding time. The results imply that the decrease of the initial temperature of thermal decomposition in the TGA curves for mechanically activated galenas is mainly caused by the increase of lattice distortions, and the formation of new dangling bonds resulted from the production of elemental sulfur of mechanically activated galenas with increased grinding time. Finally, the differences in the thermal-decomposition reactivity between nonactivated and mechanically activated galenas were also discussed.     

On the relationship between parity space and approaches to fault detection

Parity space approach and H₂ approach are two important fault detection approaches. This paper studies the relationship between these two approaches, which reveals frequency domain characteristics of the optimal solution of the parity space approach on the one side and provides a numerical solution of the H₂-optimal design of residual generators on the other side.