全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6926篇 |
免费 | 445篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 86篇 |
综合类 | 33篇 |
化学工业 | 2289篇 |
金属工艺 | 145篇 |
机械仪表 | 198篇 |
建筑科学 | 232篇 |
矿业工程 | 11篇 |
能源动力 | 198篇 |
轻工业 | 1272篇 |
水利工程 | 80篇 |
石油天然气 | 54篇 |
无线电 | 327篇 |
一般工业技术 | 1051篇 |
冶金工业 | 544篇 |
原子能技术 | 34篇 |
自动化技术 | 820篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 39篇 |
2023年 | 73篇 |
2022年 | 333篇 |
2021年 | 412篇 |
2020年 | 241篇 |
2019年 | 271篇 |
2018年 | 300篇 |
2017年 | 309篇 |
2016年 | 298篇 |
2015年 | 207篇 |
2014年 | 302篇 |
2013年 | 510篇 |
2012年 | 440篇 |
2011年 | 512篇 |
2010年 | 378篇 |
2009年 | 365篇 |
2008年 | 360篇 |
2007年 | 264篇 |
2006年 | 197篇 |
2005年 | 164篇 |
2004年 | 138篇 |
2003年 | 127篇 |
2002年 | 109篇 |
2001年 | 72篇 |
2000年 | 82篇 |
1999年 | 84篇 |
1998年 | 138篇 |
1997年 | 103篇 |
1996年 | 79篇 |
1995年 | 75篇 |
1994年 | 61篇 |
1993年 | 63篇 |
1992年 | 25篇 |
1991年 | 29篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 19篇 |
1988年 | 18篇 |
1987年 | 15篇 |
1986年 | 18篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 12篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 18篇 |
1975年 | 7篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有7374条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
A. I. D’Souza M. G. Stapelbroek P. N. Dolan P. S. Wijewarnasuriya R. E. DeWames D. S. Smith J. C. Ehlert 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2003,32(7):633-638
The 1/f noise in photovoltaic (PV) molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE)-grown Hg1−xCdxTe double-layer planar heterostructure (DLPH) large-area detectors is a critical noise component with the potential to limit
sensitivity of the cross-track infrared sounder (CrIS) instrument. Therefore, an understanding of the origins and mechanisms
of noise currents in these PV detectors is of great importance. Excess low-frequency noise has been measured on a number of
1000-μm-diameter active-area detectors of varying “quality” (i.e., having a wide range of I-V characteristics at 78 K). The
1/f noise was measured as a function of cut-off wavelength under illuminated conditions. For short-wave infrared (SWIR) detectors
at 98 K, minimal 1/f noise was measured when the total current was dominated by diffusion with white noise spectral density
in the mid-10−15A/Hz1/2 range. For SWIR detectors dominated by other than diffusion current, the ratio, α, of the noise current in unit bandwidth
in(f = 1 Hz, Vd = −60 mV, and Δf = 1 Hz) to dark current Id(Vd = −60 mV) was αSW-d = in/Id ∼ 1 × 10−3. The SWIR detectors measured at 0 mV under illuminated conditions had median αSW-P = in/Iph ∼ 7 × 10−6. For mid-wave infrared (MWIR) detectors, αMW-d = in/Id ∼ 2 × 10−4, due to tunneling current contributions to the 1/f noise. Measurements on forty-nine 1000-μm-diameter MWIR detectors under
illuminated conditions at 98 K and −60 mV bias resulted in αMW-P = in/Iph = 4.16 ± 1.69 × 10−6. A significant point to note is that the photo-induced noise spectra are nearly identical at 0 mV and 100 mV reverse bias,
with a noise-current-to-photocurrent ratio, αMW-P, in the mid 10−6 range. For long-wave infrared (LWIR) detectors measured at 78 K, the ratio, αLW-d = in/Id ∼ 6 × 10−6, for the best performers. The majority of the LWIR detectors exhibited αLW-d on the order of 2 × 10−5. The photo-induced 1/f noise had αLW-P = in/Iph ∼ 5 × 10−6. The value of the noise-current-to-dark-current ratio, α appears to increase with increasing bandgap. It is not clear if
this is due to different current mechanisms impacting 1/f noise performance. Measurements on detectors of different bandgaps
are needed at temperatures where diffusion current is the dominant current. Excess low-frequency noise measurements made as
a function of detector reverse bias indicate 1/f noise may result primarily from the dominant current mechanism at each particular
bias. The 1/f noise was not a direct function of the applied bias. 相似文献
2.
Claudia Popien Axel Kuepper Bernd Meyer 《Journal of Network and Systems Management》1994,2(4):383-400
New requirements of growing computer networks and information systems have an influence on extended client/server models with increased functionality. This forms the basis for service management in distributed systems which is realized by a service trading concept. This paper studies the requirements derived from the Open Distributed Processing (ODP) Reference Model in order to consider an open service market. Furthermore, it examines management possibilities for describing the service trading scenario. Because of similar architectures and properties ODP services, service offers, types, exporters and traders are mapped onto management components and modeled as managed objects. Therefore, the Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects (GDMO) are used. The final concept allows a precise and unambiguous study of the service trading scenario and provides means for exporting and importing of service offers in a distributed environment. 相似文献
3.
4.
Eileen Souza 《Information Systems Management》1991,8(1):17-24
Computer-aided software engineering ( CASE) is changing the way IS professionals develop information systems. This article demonstrates how traditional systems development methods are changing with automation, describes a new six-phase software development methodology— the CASE life cycle— designed to maximize the effective use of CASE technologies, and discusses how, organizations can make the transition to this new methodology. 相似文献
5.
Cypriano G da Trindade Neto Ana LP Fernandes Ana IB Santos Waldenice A Morais Marcos VM Navarro Tereza NC Dantas Mrcia R Pereira Jos LC Fonseca 《Polymer International》2005,54(4):659-666
Complexation of chitosan in aqueous solutions by low molecular weight electrolytes is one of the simplest methods for the preparation of aqueous chitosan dispersions. In this work, the influence of storage time, sulfate concentration, method of preparation and surfactant content on some properties of the resultant chitosan dispersions (turbidity, viscosity and zeta potential) was analyzed. Turbidimetry was adequate to monitor the formation of particles, while viscometry was suitable to monitor changes in the dispersing phase. An analysis of the properties of these systems, mainly in terms of particle–particle and macromolecule–macromolecule interactions was carried out. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
6.
Daniel X. Gouveia Odair P. Ferreira Antonio G. Souza Filho M. G. da Silva J. A. C. de Paiva Oswaldo L. Alves Josué Mendes Filho 《Journal of Materials Science》2007,42(2):534-538
The thermal decomposition properties of Mg–Fe hydrotalcites were studied through in situ 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and in situ X-ray diffraction. Abrupt changes in the quadrupolar splitting measured in the Mössbauer spectra revealed a phase transition from the starting lamellar structure to a new crystalline arrangement. By analyzing the Mössbauer parameters we show that the material is highly disordered in the 300–400 °C temperature range. This hypothesis is confirmed by the X-ray results whose diffractograms indicated the collapse of the lamellar structure and the formation of a solid solution. 相似文献
7.
Ottavia Colombo Simona Villani Giovanna Pinelli Claudia Trentani Maurizia Baldi Orazio Tomarchio Anna Tagliabue 《Nutrition journal》2008,7(1):5
Background
Excess body fat is a major risk factor for disease primarily due to its endocrine activity. In recent years several criteria have been introduced to evaluate this factor. Nevertheless, treatment need is currently assessed only on the basis of an individual's Body Mass Index (BMI), calculated as body weight (in kg) divided by height in m2. The aim of our study was to determine whether application of the BMI, compared to adiposity-based criteria, results in underestimation of the number of subjects needing lifestyle intervention. 相似文献8.
Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel beschreibt einige Erfahrungen und typische Problemstellungen mit Textmining in der Medizin und gibt einen Einblick
in aktuelle und zukünftige Herausforderungen in Forschung & Entwicklung. Interessant ist n?mlich, dass auch im ,,Multimedia-Zeitalter“
die meiste Information immer noch als ,,Text“ vorliegt. Mithilfe von statistischen und linguistischen Verfahren wird mit sogenannter
,,Textmining-Software“ versucht, aus Freitexten Information ,,heraus zu schürfen“ (deshalb ,,Textmining“). Allerdings ist
es damit noch nicht genug. Der n?chste Schritt besteht darin, die Information sowohl nutzbar als auch brauchbar zu machen.
Die jeweiligen End-Benutzerinnen und End-Benutzer müssen in die Lage versetzt werden, auf der Basis der gewonnenen Information
deren Wissen zu erweitern. In unserem konkreten Fall sollen damit Entscheidungen im Rahmen ?rztlichen Handelns unterstützt
werden. Probleml?sungen in diesem Bereich erfordern eine holistische Sicht- und Herangehensweise. Daher wird es immer wichtiger,
Erkenntnisse aus Informatik und Psychologie zusammenflie?en zu lassen und auf systemischer Ebene technologisch umzusetzen. 相似文献
9.
Carlos Fernandes Agostinho C. Rosa 《Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications》2008,12(10):955-979
Mate selection plays a crucial role in both natural and artificial systems. While traditional Evolutionary Algorithms (EA)
usually engage in random mating strategies, that is, mating chance is independent of genotypic or phenotypic distance between
individuals, in natural systems non-random mating is common, which means that somehow this mechanism has been favored during
the evolutionary process. In non-random mating, the individuals mate according to their parenthood or likeness. Previous studies
indicate that negative assortative mating (AM)—also known as dissortative mating—, which is a specific type of non-random mating, may improve EAs performance by maintaining the genetic diversity of the
population at a higher level during the search process. In this paper we present the Variable Dissortative Mating Genetic Algorithm (VDMGA). The algorithm holds a mechanism that varies the GA’s mating restrictions during the run by means of simple rule
based on the number of chromosomes created in each generation and indirectly influenced by the genetic diversity of the population.
We compare VDMGA not only with traditional Genetic Algorithms (GA) but also with two preceding non-random mating EAs: the
CHC algorithm and the negative Assortative Mating Genetic Algorithm (nAMGA). We intend to study the effects of the different methods in the performance of GAs and verify the reliability of
the proposed algorithm when facing an heterogeneous set of landscapes. In addition, we include the positive Assortative Mating Genetic Algorithm (pAMGA) in the experiments in order test both negative and positive AM mechanisms, and try to understand if and when negative
AM (or DM) speeds up the search process or enables the GAs to escape local optima traps. For these purposes, an extensive
set of optimization test problems was chosen to cover a variety of search landscapes with different characteristics. Our results
confirm that negative AM is effective in leading EAs out of local optima traps, and show that the proposed VDMGA is at least
as efficient as nAMGA when applied to the range of our problems, being more efficient in very hard functions were traditional
GAs usually fail to escape local optima. Also, scalability tests have been made that show VDMGA ability to decrease optimal
population size, thus reducing the amount of evaluations needed to attain global optima. We like to stress that only two parameters
need to be hand-tuned in VDMGA, thus reducing the tuning effort present in traditional GAs and nAMGA. 相似文献
10.