Influence of Two Salicylate Components on the Particle Size of an Oil-in-Water Emulsion with Nonionic Surfactants

This paper reports a study undertaken using techniques of static and dynamic light scattering to investigate the influence of sodium salicylate and methyl salicylate on droplet size of oil-in-water emulsions. The rates of changes were measured by determining the size and distribution of the oil droplet in the material. All emulsions showed a bimodal size distribution; the mean diameters and polydispersity were calculated from intensity. These data were analyzed with nonlinear regressions and bootstrap methodology. An amount of methyl salicylate component induced a decrease of mean diameter and standard deviation. On the contrary, sodium salicylate entailed the growth of all droplet populations and coalescence for the highest concentration.     

彩管用校正透镜的一种设计方法

本文介绍了校正透镜的设计与制造过程：通过对原始校正透镜及其试验管的测试数据进行分析、利用计算机对数据进行处理并建立数学模型,来达到CPT校正透镜的自我设计、修正,直至合乎要求。     

Sorting helps for voronoi diagrams

It is well known that, using standard models of computation, Ω(n logn) time is required to build a Voronoi diagram forn point sites. This follows from the fact that a Voronoi diagram algorithm can be used to sort. However, if the sites are sorted before we start, can the Voronoi diagram be built any faster? We show that for certain interesting, although nonstandard, types of Voronoi diagrams, sorting helps. These nonstandard types of Voronoi diagrams use a convex distance function instead of the standard Euclidean distance. A convex distance function exists for any convex shape, but the distance functions based on polygons (especially triangles) lead to particularly efficient Voronoi diagram algorithms. Specifically, a Voronoi diagram using a convex distance function based on a triangle can be built inO (n log logn) time after initially sorting then sites twice. Convex distance functions based on other polygons require more initial sorting.     

Investigation of the Fuzzy Complex between RSV Nucleoprotein and Phosphoprotein to Optimize an Inhibition Assay by Fluorescence Polarization

The interaction between Respiratory Syncytial Virus phosphoprotein P and nucleoprotein N is essential for the formation of the holo RSV polymerase that carries out replication. In vitro screening of antivirals targeting the N-P protein interaction requires a molecular interaction model, ideally consisting of a complex between N protein and a short peptide corresponding to the C-terminal tail of the P protein. However, the flexibility of C-terminal P peptides as well as their phosphorylation status play a role in binding and may bias the outcome of an inhibition assay. We therefore investigated binding affinities and dynamics of this interaction by testing two N protein constructs and P peptides of different lengths and composition, using nuclear magnetic resonance and fluorescence polarization (FP). We show that, although the last C-terminal Phe₂₄₁ residue is the main determinant for anchoring P to N, only longer peptides afford sub-micromolar affinity, despite increasing mobility towards the N-terminus. We investigated competitive binding by peptides and small compounds, including molecules used as fluorescent labels in FP. Based on these results, we draw optimized parameters for a robust RSV N-P inhibition assay and validated this assay with the M76 molecule, which displays antiviral properties, for further screening of chemical libraries.     

Command and Control in Policing: A Systems Assessment of the Gold,Silver and Bronze Structure

A police force exhibits characteristics that are typical of those that can be found in many large, formal, bureaucratic organisations. It has a profound sense of hierarchy and shows a strong awareness of the power of procedure and the benefits to be gained from being systematic. It can be argued that such values and beliefs are entirely appropriate. Rules of evidence, for example, require a very strong discipline and offer very little opportunity for individual interpretation. In the context of such an orderly, systematic approach, the application of systems thinking, with its emphasis on Weltanschauung, viewpoint and perspective, may at first appear inappropriate to police activity. However, this paper argues that this is not the case. It uses systems thinking to examine one important aspect of policing where method and procedure are very important -the command and control of major incidents/operations - and shows that its application enables important lessons to be drawn about the strengths and weaknesses of the mechanisms in place.     

Hydration products of calcium aluminoferrite

Hydration products of Ca₂AlFeO₅, steam cured at 72 C, have been identified using X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Iron-bearing phases are hydrogarnet Ca₃Fe_yAl_2?y(OH)₁₂ with y = 0.22, and non-crystalline ferrihydrite Fe(OH)₃.nH₂O. These two are readily distinguished in Mössbauer spectra at 4.2 K where they give, respectively, a single unsplit absorption line and a magnetically split hyperfine pattern with H_hf = 501 kOe. Addition of 5 wt% lime to the calcium aluminoferrite increases the proportion of iron in the hydrogarnet to y = 0.32 while leaving the ferrihydrite unchanged, whereas 5 wt% gypsum eliminates iron from the hydrogarnet entirely and produces an even more disordered non-crystalline ferric hydrate.