Plant Responses to Herbivory,Wounding, and Infection

Plants have various self-defense mechanisms against biotic attacks, involving both physical and chemical barriers. Physical barriers include spines, trichomes, and cuticle layers, whereas chemical barriers include secondary metabolites (SMs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Complex interactions between plants and herbivores occur. Plant responses to insect herbivory begin with the perception of physical stimuli, chemical compounds (orally secreted by insects and herbivore-induced VOCs) during feeding. Plant cell membranes then generate ion fluxes that create differences in plasma membrane potential (Vm), which provokes the initiation of signal transduction, the activation of various hormones (e.g., jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene), and the release of VOCs and SMs. This review of recent studies of plant–herbivore–infection interactions focuses on early and late plant responses, including physical barriers, signal transduction, SM production as well as epigenetic regulation, and phytohormone responses.     

An AWG based colorless WDM-PON with RZ-DPSK modulated downstream and re-modulation of DL signal for OOK upstream

We proposed an arrayed waveguide granting (AWG) based 10 Gbps full duplex wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) utilizing a retum-to-zero differential phase shift keying (R...     

An adaptive and efficient buffer management scheme for resource-constrained delay tolerant networks

Provisioning buffer management mechanism is especially crucial in resource-constrained delay tolerant networks (DTNs) as maximum data delivery ratio with minimum overhead is expected in highly congested environments. However, most DTN protocols do not consider resource limitations (e.g., buffer, bandwidth) and hence, results in performance degradation. To strangle and mitigate the impact of frequent buffer overflows, this paper presents an adaptive and efficient buffer management scheme called size-aware drop (SAD) that strives to improve buffer utilization and avoid unnecessary message drops. To improve data delivery ratio, SAD exactly determines the requirement based on differential of newly arrived message(s) and available space. To vacate inevitable space from a congested buffer, SAD strives to avoid redundant message drops and deliberate to pick and discard most appropriate message(s) to minimize overhead. The performance of SAD is validated through extensive simulations in realistic environments (i.e., resource-constrained and congested) with different mobility models (i.e., Random Waypoint and disaster). Simulation results demonstrate the performance supremacy of SAD in terms of delivery probability and overhead ratio besides other metrics when compared to contemporary schemes based on Epidemic (DOA and DLA) and PRoPHET (SHLI and MOFO).     

Design and development of dynamic Agri-ontology for IoT interoperability

In recent years, the usage and applications of Internet of Things (IoT) have increased exponentially. IoT connects multiple heterogeneous devices like sensors, micro controllers, actuators, smart devices like mobiles, watches, etc. IoT contributes the data produced in the context of data collection, including the domains like military, agriculture, healthcare, etc. The diversity of possible applications at the intersection of the IoT and the web semantics has prompted many research teams to work at the interface between these two disciplines. This makes it possible to collect data and control various objects in transparent way. The challenge lies in the use of this data. Ontologies address this challenge to meet specific data needs in the IoT field. This paper presents the implementation of a dynamic agriculture ontology-building tool that parses the ontology files to extract full data and update it based on the user needs. The technology is used to create the angular library for parsing the OWL files. The proposed ontology framework would accept user-defined ontologies and provide an interface for an online updating of the owl files to ensure the interoperability in the agriculture IoT.     

Low power multipliers based on new hybrid full adders

Five hybrid full adder designs are proposed for low power parallel multipliers. The new adders allow NAND gates to generate most of the multiplier partial product bits instead of AND gates, thereby lowering the power consumption and the total number of needed transistors. For an 8×8 implementation, the ALL-NAND array multiplier achieves 15.7% and 7.8% reduction in power consumption and transistor count at the cost of a 6.9% increase in time delay compared to standard array multiplier. The ALL-NAND tree multiplier exhibits lower power consumption and transistor count by 12.5% and 7.3%, respectively, with a 4.4% longer time delay, compared to conventional tree multiplier.     

移动代理系统的评测基准

移动代理技术已经成为设计、实现分布式应用的一种极具前景的技术，现有许多移动代理系统已经在研究及商业领域得以实现．但是移动代理系统至今仍然没有得到很广泛的应用，其原因除了使用移动代理系统所涉及的安全性问题之外，另一个主要因素就是缺少一个对移动代理系统性能进行量化评价的基准．本文对于现有的能够对各种不同移动代理系统进行量化评测的基准进行综述，并且讨论哪些因素会对移动代理架构性能产生根本的影响．     

The inverse design of the wind turbine blade sections by the singularities method

The aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbines are closely related to the geometry of their blades. The innovation and the technological development of wind turbine blades can be centred on two tendencies. The first is to improve the shape of existing blades; the second is to design new shapes of blades. The aspiration in the two cases is to achieve an optimal circulation and hence enhancing some more ambitious aerodynamic characteristics. This paper presents an inverse design procedure, which can be adapted to both thin and thick wind turbine blade sections aiming to optimise the geometry for a prescribed distribution of bound vortices. A method for simulating the initial contour of the blade section is exposed, which simultaneously satisfy the aerodynamic and geometrical constraints under nominal conditions. A detailed definition of the function characterising the bound vortex distribution is presented. The inviscid velocity field and potential function distributions are obtained by the singularities method. In the design method implemented, these distributions and the circulation of bound vortices on the camber line of the blade profile, are used to rectify its camber in an iterative calculation leading to the final and optimal form of the blade section once convergence is attained. The scheme proposed has been used to design the entire blade of the wind turbine for a given span-wise distribution of bound circulation around the blade contour.