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排序方式: 共有146条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
This paper reports on fabrication of semiconductor/air gratings in 1.5 μm double-section semiconductor lasers to achieve a high reflectivity in order to compensate low round-trip gain. Fabrication of the gratings with varying thicknesses and with thicknesses down to 160 nm is carried out at the gain section of the double-section diode laser using focused ion beam etching (FIBE) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) techniques. Theoretical results of reflectivity are given for 1.5 μm AlGaInAs/InP semiconductor lasers by adding wavelength dependence of the refractive index into the calculations. We also compare our reflectivity results with that of a commercial simulation program and show a good agreement between them. Our results demonstrate that the gratings fabricated consist of only six air/semiconductor layer pairs and achieve theoretical reflectivity higher than 99%. Due to a high index contrast of the both layers, nl = 1, nh ∼ 3.5, a reflectivity bandwidth of >230 nm is obtained in 1.5 μm semiconductor lasers. Finally, lasing operation from AlGaInAs/InP semiconductor lasers with highly reflective grating section is achieved with a low threshold current of ∼8 mA, which is almost three times lower than devices without semiconductor/air gratings.  相似文献   
2.
A basic experimental investigation of structure development in the injection molding of poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) is presented. It is shown that, dependent upon processing conditions, especially mold temperature, PEEK may be injection molded to form glassy or crystalline parts or parts consisting of intermediate structures such as a glassy surface and one with an internal crystalline link. In general, cold molds produce glassy parts and hot molds crystalline parts. This behavior is carefully characterized using optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and wide angle X-ray diffraction techniques. The mechanical properties of these injection molded parts is characterized as a function of the crystalline and glassy contents and types of structural gradients developed in the parts.  相似文献   
3.
This paper focused on the assessment of antioxidant property and fatty acid composition of four Centaurea species. The antioxidant activity of its methanol extract was evaluated by several in vitro experiments including phosphomolybedum assay, DPPH assay, β-carotene/linoleic acid, ferric and cupric reducing power. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also evaluated. The methanol extract of Centaurea pulcherrima var. pulcherrima showed the superior free radical scavenging activity, linoleic acid inhibition capacity, reducing power and also had the highest total phenolic content. A significant relationship between antioxidant capacity and total phenolic components was found. The oils of Centaurea taxa were also analysed for fatty acid concentration by gas chromatography. The principal fatty acids in the species were palmitic acid (23.38–30.49%) and linoleic acid (20.19–29.93%). These findings suggest that the Centaurea species could be used as a potential source of new natural antioxidants and unsaturated fatty acids in food industry, cosmetics and pharmaceutical preparations.  相似文献   
4.
5.
Reuterin is a bacteriocin produced by some strains of Lactobacillus reuteri. The strain used in this study was isolated from raw milk from a dairy farm nearby Ankara. Beef sausage is a long years produced bratwurst style meat product in Turkey, as well as in some other countries in the Mediterranean region. Sausages are produced by raw meat; sometimes lactic starter cultures are added or spontaneous fermentation is employed. The production and storage conditions of the product promotes the growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. Although nitrate is added as an antimicrobial substance against many pathogens, sometimes however nitrate application is not preventive enough on the surface because of the natural film around the sausages. Since most of the contaminations take place at post production steps, pathogenic growth is more effective on the surface of the sausages in refrigerated conditions. In this study, reuterin was applied to the surface of the sausages in order to prevent the growth of these two pathogens along with nitrate used as an additive in the product. Reuterin has inhibited the growth of L. monocytogenes considerably but not of Salmonella spp. on the surface of the sausages.  相似文献   
6.
A series of stretch-blow molded poly(ethylene terephthalate) bottles were investigated using measurements of birefringences (in plane and out of plane) and wide angle x-ray diffraction (WAXS) pole figures. Both bottles prepared in our laboratories and commercial bottles were investigated. Birefringences Δn13 and Δn23 of inside and outside surfaces of bottles were determined as a function of position along the length of the bottle (1-bottle axis, 2-hoop direction, 3-thickness direction). The Δn13, Δn23 for the inside surface of the bottles were found to be greater than those for the outside surface indicating heterogeneity through the thickness of the bottles. The WAXS studies indicate that the benzene rings in the polymer align parallel to the bottle surface. The chain axis in crystalline regions exhibit orientations close to equal biaxial orientation. Both Δn13 and Δn23 increased with inflation pressure.  相似文献   
7.
The bacterial copolyesters poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) have been successfully commercialized by ICI and are currently being distributed worldwide. Because of their bacterial origin, they are completely biodegradable. This has opened up numerous opportunities to develop new environmentally friendly products. The solid-state extrusion of a series of biodegradable copolyesters (P(3HB-3HV)) was performed in our laboratory with the aim of gaining fundamental understanding about their processability below their melting temperatures. The extrudability windows were found to span the temperature range from 135 to 150°C, depending on the composition of the samples under our experimental setup. The solid-state extrudates were found to exhibit an extra melting endotherm about 15–20°C above their normal melting temperature. This high temperature melting peak increasingly became dominant at lower extrusion temperatures. Wide angle X-ray diffraction studies did not indicate any phase change that might be responsible for this increase in the melting point. Contrary to the expectations, the solid-state extruded samples did not show significant chain orientation along the extrusion direction. This might be a result of fracture of the mass in the barrel into smaller pieces and their randomization during the course of their passage through the die. When the extrusion temperature was raised closer to the melting temperature, the quality of the extrudates was improved, and this was reflected in improvement of their mechanical properties. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  相似文献   
8.
Redox polymerization of methylmethacrylate (MMA) using Ce(IV) with poly(oxyethylene) having azo and hydroxy functions was carried out to yield methylmethacrylate-ethylene glycol block copolymers with labile azo linkages in the main chain. These prepolymers were used to initiate the radical polymerization of styrene through the thermal decomposition of the azo group, resulting in the formation of multiblock copolymers. Successful blocking has been confirmed by fractional precipitation, a strong change in the molecular weight distribution and spectral measurements.  相似文献   
9.
Summary Poly(-3-hydroxy alkanoate) containing unsaturated side chains, PHA-soybean, were produced by feeding Pseudomonas oleovorans with soybean oily acids obtained from soybean oil. Unsaturation of PHA-soybean were found to be 10 mol-% of unsaturated side chains. Main saturated part of the biopolymer was Poly(3-hydroxy octanoate) with minor hexanoate and decanoate units. PHA films were crosslinked via free radical mechanism by means of thermally or under UV irradiation in the presence of benzoyl peroxide, benzophenon, and /or ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM). Crosslinking yield of the PHA films were found to be from 81 to 93 wt.-% from the sol-gel analysis. Swelling properties of the crosslinked PHA films in chloroform and toluene were also studied. Mc values of crosslinked PHAs were also calculated using Flory-Rehner equation. The crosslinked biopolyester obtained by thermally at 60 °C with benzoyl peroxide indicated the highest crosslinking density. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) of crosslinked biopolyester samples were changed from −33 to −45 °C while that of PHA-soybean was −60 °C. Received: 16 June 2000/Revised version: 22 January 2001/Accepted: 20 May 2001  相似文献   
10.
Electrospinning is used to produce micro‐ and nano‐sized synthetic fibers through the use of electrostatic forces. Commercially, viable production of fibers requires high throughput of uniform fibers that are free of defects. To achieve greater control over the process variables that affect the fiber formation, a scalable closed loop control system that can maintain a constant pressure at the capillary tip was designed and tested. Two sensing technologies, infrared and ultrasonic, were used and compared for their ability to detect the height of polymer solution in the electrospinning fluid container. The air pressure above the solution was measured with a pressure transducer and adjusted through a controllable syringe pump. The closed loop electrospinning system was successful at controlling and maintaining a constant pressure at the capillary tip to within 2% of the specified pressure continuously. The controlled pressure at the capillary tip showed a strong correlation to fiber diameter and uniformity for polydimethylsiloxane‐based polyurethane/DMF‐based fibers. However the control system was less effective to control fiber diameter for polyethylene oxide/Water‐based fibers. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers  相似文献   
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