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排序方式: 共有69条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Advances in selective wet oxidation of AlGaAs alloys 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Choquette K.D. Geib K.M. Ashby C.I.H. Twesten R.D. Blum O. Hou H.Q. Follstaedt D.M. Hammons B.E. Mathes D. Hull R. 《IEEE journal of selected topics in quantum electronics》1997,3(3):916-926
We review the chemistry, microstructure, and processing of buried oxides converted from AlGaAs layers using wet oxidation. Hydrogen is shown to have a central role in the oxidation reaction as the oxidizing agent and to reduce the intermediate predict As2O3 to As. The stable oxide is amorphous (AlxGa1-x) 2O3 which has no defects along the oxide/semiconductor interfaces but can exhibit strain at the oxide terminus due to volume shrinkage. The influence of gas flow, gas composition, temperature, Al-content, and layer thickness on the oxidation rate are characterized to establish a reproducible process. Linear oxidation rates with Arrhenius activation energies which strongly depend upon AlAs mole fraction are found. The latter produces strong oxidation selectivity between AlGaAs layers with slightly differing Al-content. Oxidation selectivity to thickness is also shown for layer thickness <60 nm. Differences between the properties of buried oxides converted from AlGaAs and AlAs layers and the impact on selectively oxidized vertical cavity laser lifetime are reported 相似文献
2.
James S. Davidson Jonathan R. Porter Robert J. Dinan Michael I. Hammons James D. Connell 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2004,18(2):100-106
The most widely used terrorist tactic is the improvised explosive device, which can range in size from hand-held to truck-size. Most casualties and injuries sustained in such an attack are not caused by the blast itself, but rather by the disintegration and fragmentation of walls, the shattering of windows, and by nonsecured objects propelled at high velocities by the blast. Since 1995, the Air Force Research Laboratory at Tyndall Air Force Base has investigated methods of retrofitting wall structures to better resist blast loads from external explosions. This paper summarizes results from recent tests that involve an innovative use of a sprayed-on polymer to increase blast resistance of unreinforced concrete masonry walls. Test methodology, retrofit materials considered, material properties, mechanisms of effectiveness, and research challenges are discussed. 相似文献
3.
Hammons Joshua A. Tumey Scott J. Idell Yaakov Jeffries Jason R. 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》2020,72(1):176-186
JOM - Alpha-radiation damage in metals is a concern for long-term radioactive storage and systems that produce nuclear energy. Accurate prediction of irradiated material properties and failure... 相似文献
4.
El Gamal H. Hammons A.R. Jr. 《IEEE transactions on information theory / Professional Technical Group on Information Theory》2003,49(1):151-163
The availability of multiple transmit antennas allows for two-dimensional channel codes that exploit the spatial transmit diversity. These codes were referred to as space-time codes by Tarokh et al. (see ibid., vol.44, p.744-765, Mar. 1998) Most prior works on space-time code design have considered quasi-static fading channels. We extend our earlier work on algebraic space-time coding to block-fading channels. First, we present baseband design criteria for space-time codes in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) block-fading channels that encompass as special cases the quasi-static and fast fading design rules. The diversity advantage baseband criterion is then translated into binary rank criteria for phase shift keying (PSK) modulated codes. Based on these binary criteria, we construct algebraic space-time codes that exploit the spatial and temporal diversity available in MIMO block-fading channels. We also introduce the notion of universal space-time codes as a generalization of the smart-greedy design rule. As a part of this work, we establish another result that is important in its own right: we generalize the full diversity space-time code constructions for quasi-static channels to allow for higher rate codes at the expense of minimal reductions in the diversity advantage. Finally, we present simulation results that demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed codes. 相似文献
5.
Juan C. Juarez Anurag Dwivedi A. Roger Hammons Steven D. Jones Vijitha Weerackody Robert A. Nichols 《Communications Magazine, IEEE》2006,44(11):46-51
There is a continuing need for increased capacity for military applications, especially in network-centric operational concepts that promote the use of information as fundamental for gaining superiority on the battlefield. As an example, the access to, and distribution of, sensor data is a major tenet of network-centric warfare and yet radio frequency (RF) links will struggle to provide the needed capacity. Free-space optical communications (FSOC) has the potential to meet these emerging military needs by offering dramatic increases in capacity. However, there are many technical challenges al multiple layers of the communications protocol stack. This article describes these challenges and discusses some mitigation approaches to provide a path to realizing this capability on the battlefield 相似文献
6.
KE Anderson GJ Hammons FF Kadlubar JD Potter KR Kaderlik KF Ilett RF Minchin CH Teitel HC Chou MV Martin FP Guengerich GW Barone NP Lang LA Peterson 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,18(5):1085-1092
Epidemiologic studies have suggested that aromatic amines (and nitroaromatic hydrocarbons) may be carcinogenic for human pancreas. Pancreatic tissues from 29 organ donors (13 smokers, 16 non-smokers) were examined for their ability to metabolize aromatic amines and other carcinogens. Microsomes showed no activity for cytochrome P450 (P450) 1A2-dependent N-oxidation of 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP) or for the following activities (and associated P450s): aminopyrine N-demethylation and ethylmorphine N-demethylation (P450 3A4); ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation (P450 1A1) and pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylation (P450 2B6); p-nitrophenol hydroxylation and N-nitrosodimethyl-amine N-demethylation (P450 2E1); lauric acid omega-hydroxylation (P450 4A1); and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl-1-butanol) (NNAL) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) alpha-oxidation (P450 1A2, 2A6, 2D6). Antibodies were used to examine microsomal levels of P450 1A2, 2A6, 2C8/9/18/19, 2E1, 2D6, and 3A3/4/5/7 and epoxide hydrolase. Immunoblots detected only epoxide hydrolase at low levels; P450 levels were <1% of liver. Microsomal benzidine/prostaglandin hydroperoxidation activity was low. In pancreatic cytosols and microsomes, 4-nitrobiphenyl reductase activities were present at levels comparable to human liver. The O-acetyltransferase activity (AcCoA-dependent DNA-binding of [3H]N-hydroxy-ABP) of pancreatic cytosols was high, about twothirds the levels measured in human colon. Cytosols showed high activity for N-acetylation of p-aminobenzoic acid, but not of sulfamethazine, indicating that acetyltransferase-1 (NAT1) is predominantly expressed in this tissue. Cytosolic sulfotransferase was detected at low levels. Using 32P-post-labeling enhanced by butanol extraction, putative arylamine-DNA adducts were detected in most samples. Moreover, in eight of 29 DNA samples, a major adduct was observed that was chromatographically identical to the predominant ABP-DNA adduct, N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-ABP. These results are consistent with a hypothesis that aromatic amines and nitroaromatic hydrocarbons may be involved in the etiology of human pancreatic cancer. 相似文献
7.
H. Q. Hou W. G. Breiland B. E. Hammons R. M. Biefeld K. C. Baucom R. A. Stall 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1997,26(10):1178-1183
We present a comprehensive study on the growth of AlGaAs by using an alternative Al precursor, dimethylethylamine alane (DMEAA),
and a Ga coprecursor, either triethylgallium (TEG) or trimethylgallium (TMG). The growth rate of AlAs determined by using
in situ reflectometry was studied as a function of the growth temperature, V/III ratio, growth pressure, and rotation speed of the
substrate. The presence of gas phase reactions of DMEAA with arsine and TEG was indicated, and their reduction was achieved
at a lower growth pressure, lower V/III ratio, or a lower growth temperature. Negligible pre-reaction of DMEAA with TMG was
observed. Excellent material uniformity of AlGaAs was achieved on a 2″ diameter wafer. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurements
revealed extremely low C and O contents in the AlAs layer grown by DMEAA. Photoluminescence measurements suggested the presence
of some non-radiative defects in the as-grown DMEAA AlGaAs layers. 相似文献
8.
4-phase sequences with near-optimum correlation properties 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Boztas S. Hammons R. Kumar P.Y. 《IEEE transactions on information theory / Professional Technical Group on Information Theory》1992,38(3):1101-1113
Two families of four-phase sequences are constructed using irreducible polynomials over Z4. Family A has period L =2r-1. size L +2. and maximum nontrivial correlation magnitude C max⩽1+√(L +1), where r is a positive integer. Family B has period L =2(2r-1). size (L +2)/4. and C max for complex-valued sequences. Of particular interest, family A has the same size and period as the family of binary Gold sequences. but its maximum nontrivial correlation is smaller by a factor of √2. Since the Gold family for r odd is optimal with respect to the Welch bound restricted to binary sequences, family A is thus superior to the best possible binary design of the same family size. Unlike the Gold design, families A and B are asymptotically optimal whether r is odd or even. Both families are suitable for achieving code-division multiple-access and are easily, implemented using shift registers. The exact distribution of correlation values is given for both families 相似文献
9.
Rix JE Weber JK Santodonato LJ Hill B Walker LM McPherson R Wenzel J Hammons SE Hodges J Rennich M Volin KJ 《The Review of scientific instruments》2007,78(1):013907
An automated system for sample exchange and tracking in a cryogenic environment and under remote computer control was developed. Up to 24 sample "cans" per cycle can be inserted and retrieved in a programed sequence. A video camera acquires a unique identification marked on the sample can to provide a record of the sequence. All operations are coordinated via a LABVIEW program that can be operated locally or over a network. The samples are contained in vanadium cans of 6-10 mm in diameter and equipped with a hermetically sealed lid that interfaces with the sample handler. The system uses a closed-cycle refrigerator (CCR) for cooling. The sample was delivered to a precooling location that was at a temperature of approximately 25 K, after several minutes, it was moved onto a "landing pad" at approximately 10 K that locates the sample in the probe beam. After the sample was released onto the landing pad, the sample handler was retracted. Reading the sample identification and the exchange operation takes approximately 2 min. The time to cool the sample from ambient temperature to approximately 10 K was approximately 7 min including precooling time. The cooling time increases to approximately 12 min if precooling is not used. Small differences in cooling rate were observed between sample materials and for different sample can sizes. Filling the sample well and the sample can with low pressure helium is essential to provide heat transfer and to achieve useful cooling rates. A resistive heating coil can be used to offset the refrigeration so that temperatures up to approximately 350 K can be accessed and controlled using a proportional-integral-derivative control loop. The time for the landing pad to cool to approximately 10 K after it has been heated to approximately 240 K was approximately 20 min. 相似文献
10.
S. Majid Ghahari Alison J. Davenport Trevor Rayment Thomas Suter Jean-Philippe Tinnes Cristiano Padovani Joshua A. Hammons Marco Stampanoni Federica Marone Rajmund Mokso 《Corrosion Science》2011,53(9):2684-2687
Pitting corrosion of stainless steel has been investigated with high-resolution in situ X-ray microtomography. The growth of pits at the tip of stainless steel pins has been observed with 3D microtomography under different conditions of applied current and cell potential. The results demonstrate how pits evolve in stainless steel, forming a characteristic “lacy” cover of perforated metal. In addition, it is shown how the shape of pits becomes modified by MnS inclusions. 相似文献