Employment status passages and psychosocial well-being.

Medical students entering the labor market were studied to find out whether the improvement of psychosocial well-being depends on characteristics of their careers. Psychosocial well-being was described on the basis of psychosomatic stress symptoms, psychological distress (General Health Questionnaire), and strain resistance resources (Sense of Coherence). The 3-year follow-up showed that among women the improvement of strain resistance resources was delayed in the group with several entries into work. Among men the findings suggested associations between stress symptoms and career characteristics. Most of the results, however, did not support the hypothesis about the division of the participants into those with a stable career and improving well-being and those with a fragmented career and low well-being. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Acceptability of genetically modified cheese presented as real product alternative

European consumers, in general, have negative attitudes towards the use of gene technology in food production. The objective of this study was to examine whether taste and health benefits influence the acceptability of genetically modified (gm) products when they are presented as real product alternatives. Consumers in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden (n=738) assessed two cheeses: one was labelled as genetically modified (preferred in an earlier product test) and the other as conventional (neutral in an earlier product test). A smaller control group received two cheeses with blind codes. Labelling decreased consumers' intentions to buy the originally preferred gm-labelled cheese, but still the intentions were at the same level with the conventionally labelled option. Participants chose two gm cheeses out of five possible when given the option to take cheese home after tasting. Intentions to buy gm cheese could best be explained by respondents' attitudes towards gene technology and perceived taste benefits. General health interest was also a reinforcer of intentions for gm cheese with reduced fat content.     

What levels of moral reasoning and values explain adherence to information security rules? An empirical study

It is widely agreed that employee non-adherence to information security policies poses a major problem for organizations. Previous research has pointed to the potential of theories of moral reasoning to better understand this problem. However, we find no empirical studies that examine the influence of moral reasoning on compliance with information security policies. We address this research gap by proposing a theoretical model that explains non-compliance in terms of moral reasoning and values. The model integrates two well-known psychological theories: the Theory of Cognitive Moral Development by Kohlberg and the Theory of Motivational Types of Values by Schwartz. Our empirical findings largely support the proposed model and suggest implications for practice and research on how to improve information security policy compliance.     

The association of distress and sleeping problems with physicians’ intentions to change profession: The moderating effect of job control.

The present study examined whether job control moderated the association between stress indicators (distress and sleeping problems) and intentions to change profession among 2,650 Finnish physicians. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was applied. The authors found that high levels of distress and sleeping problems were associated with higher levels of intentions to change profession, whereas high job control was associated with lower levels of intentions to change profession even after adjusting for the effects of gender, age, and employment sector. In addition, high job control was able to mitigate the positive association that distress and sleeping problems had with intentions to change profession. Our findings highlight the importance of offering more job control to physicians to prevent unnecessary physician turnover. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Dynamic modeling of a multiple hearth furnace for kaolin calcination

A dynamic model of a multiple hearth kaolin calciner has been developed and is presented in this article. This model describes the physical‐chemical phenomena taking place in the six furnace parts: the solid phase, gas phase, walls, cooling air, rabble arms, and the central shaft. The solid phase movement, in particular, is described by a novel mixing model. The mixing model divides the solid bed in a hearth into volumes and the distribution of their contents, after one full central shaft rotation, is identified by the pilot experiments. First, the model is validated by the industrial data, and then the dynamics of the multiple hearth furnace is studied by introducing step changes to the three manipulated variables: the feed rate, and the gas, and air flows supplied. The responses of the gas phase temperature and solid bed component profiles are analysed and the results are discussed. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 3683–3698, 2015     

Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of RWGS processes for solar syngas production from CO2

Process systems were investigated for syngas production from CO₂ and renewable energy (solar) by the reverse water‐gas shift (RWGS) and the reverse water‐gas shift chemical looping (RWGS‐CL) process. Thermodynamic analysis and optimization was performed to maximize the solar‐to‐syngas (StS) efficiency η_StS. Special emphasis was laid on product gas separation. For RWGS‐CL, maximum StS efficiencies of 14.2 and 14.4% were achieved without and with heat integration, respectively. The StS efficiency is dictated by the low overall efficiency of H₂ production. RWGS‐CL is most beneficial for the production of pure CO, where the StS efficiency is one percent point higher compared to that of the RWGS process with heat integration. Heat integration leads to significant reductions in external heat demand since most of the gas phase process heat can be integrated. The StS efficiencies for RWGS and RWGS‐CL achieve the same level as the reported values for solar thermochemical syngas production. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 15–22, 2017