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1.
A new supported liquid membrane (SLM) system was prepared for the selective transport of bismuth ions from the aqueous feed into the aqueous permeate phase. The support of the SLM was a thin porous polypropylene or polyvinylidene fluoride membrane impregnated with diisooctyldithiophosphinic acid (Cyanex 301) as mobile carrier in 4‐chloroacetophenon as organic solvent. Cyanex 301 acts as a highly selective carrier for the uphill transport of bismuth ions through the SLM. In the presence of HNO3 as a metal ion acceptor in the strip solution, the transport of bismuth ions into the strip side reached 70 % of the initial feed concentration after 3.5 hours. The selectivity and efficiency of bismuth transport from aqueous solutions containing different mixtures of cations were investigated. In the presence of P2O72– ions as suitable masking agent in the feed solution, the interfering effects of other cations were completely eliminated. The selective transport of bismuth through SLM is superior to liquid‐liquid extraction or through bulk liquid membranes. This is due to the high efficiency. The SLM reduces the solvent requirements, combines extraction and stripping operations in a single process and allows the use of highly selective extractants. The system may be applied to samples containing very low bismuth concentrations. 相似文献
2.
Software reuse could be implemented at several levels including the specification level, design level, program/subprogram library level, code level, and object-code level. However, reuse has a distinct definition for each of the above-mentioned levels. Moreover, the techniques applied to organize and manage reuse is different from one level to another. What's more, the complexity of the reuse methods and techniques increases as it moves from the specification level to the code and object-code levels. On the positive side, the time and space efficiency resulting from the application of reuse techniques improves in the same direction. Specification and design levels are at higher levels of abstraction than the other reuse levels, therefore their potential for accommodating reuse is greater and their adaptation to new applications can be simpler. However, the reuse process of the specification and design levels ultimately involves coding (be it system-generated or manual), testing, and debugging. On the other hand, reuse at code and object-code levels essentially eliminates coding and overall testing, hence it is more economical where a large collection of reusable software is organized in a software library 相似文献
3.
Seyyed Ali Shojaee Mohammad Maleki Shahraki Mohammad Ali Faghihi Sani Ali Nemati Abbas Yousefi 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》2010,21(6):571-577
This paper describes a solution-based technique for fabrication of varistor grade composite nanopowders. The method consists
of coating major varistor dopants on the surface of the ZnO nanoparticles. As a result, a homogenous mixture of dopants and
ZnO nanoparticles will be achieved. TEM results indicated that a composite layer of dopants with the average particle size
of 9 nm on the surface of ZnO nanoparticles has been successfully prepared. Sintering of the coated powders was performed
in temperatures as low as 850 °C and final specimens with average particle size of 900 nm and density of 98.5% were achieved.
In comparison to conventional mixing, varistors prepared from coated nanopowders exhibited superior electrical properties
and microstructure homogeneity. The improvement of electrical properties can be attributed to small grain size, homogenous
distribution of dopants and elimination of large Bi-Pockets. In addition, the processing route of schottky barrier formation
is quite different from what is generally considered as the method of barrier formation in ZnO grain boundaries. 相似文献
4.
Nazanin Zand Babur Z. ChowdhryFrancis B. Zotor David S. WrayPaul Amuna Frank S. Pullen 《Food chemistry》2011
There is a paucity of data in respect of the nutritional quality of complementary foods for infants and young children aged between 6 and 12 months. The primary objective of this study was to examine nutritive values of such complementary infant food on the UK market in order to ascertain their suitability relative to dietary guidelines for the 6–9 months age group. Quantitative analyses were conducted on eight different products representing four popular brands (meat and vegetable based) currently on sale in the UK. Eight major mineral and trace elements, namely: calcium, copper, magnesium, iron, zinc, potassium, sodium and selenium were measured by ICP–OES and ICP–MS. The results of these studies were referenced to the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) values for 6–9 months old children, and a menu of entire daily intake of minerals and trace elements was composed taking into consideration the nutrient and energy intake from milk consumption. Based on these comparisons, all the food samples studied in this work contained less essential minerals than expected from the RNI values except for potassium in meat and vegetable based recipes. These results suggest that commercial complementary infant foods on the UK market may not contain the minimum levels of minerals required for the labelling declaration of micronutrient content (Commission Directive 2006/125/EC). This provides opportunities and scope for product optimisation to improve their nutritive value. 相似文献
5.
Ali Salehabadi Masoud Salavati-Niasari Tahereh Gholami Asma Khoobi 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2018,43(20):9713-9721
Although the technology of hydrogen energy heightened gradually, the application of binary metal oxides as a host for hydrogen sorption has not been widely established. Here we show, with a facial combustion method, the formation of Dy3Fe5O12 and DyFeO3 nanostructures with maximum average particle sizes ranging from 25 to 30 and 16–18 nm, respectively. The physical properties of the samples were served which further reflect in hydrogen storage properties. The discharge capacities of Dy3Fe5O12 and DyFeO3 nanoparticles were obtained at 2000 and 2100 mA h/g, respectively. The hydrogen storage properties were confirmed in their respective current-voltage cycles, prior to chronopotentiometry. 相似文献
6.
We introduce a two-parameter version of the two-step scale-splitting iteration method, called TTSCSP, for solving a broad class of complex symmetric system of linear equations. We present some conditions for the convergence of the method. An upper bound for the spectral radius of the method is presented and optimal parameters which minimize this bound are given. Inexact version of the TTSCSP iteration method (ITTSCSP) is also presented. Some numerical experiments are reported to verify the effectiveness of the TTSCSP iteration method and the numerical results are compared with those of the TSCSP, the SCSP and the PMHSS iteration methods. Numerical comparison of the ITTSCSP method with the inexact version of TSCSP, SCSP and PMHSS are presented. We also compare the numerical results of the BiCGSTAB method in conjunction with the TTSCSP and the ILU preconditioners. 相似文献
7.
Morteza Davarpanah Tahereh Rohani-Bastami 《Chemical Engineering Communications》2016,203(9):1179-1188
Polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer (PsDVB) was covalently functionalized with monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and triethanolamine (TEA) by a simple method. The functionalized sorbents were characterized in terms of functionality and morphology, and used for the removal of p-toluic acid (p-TA) from aqueous solution. It was found that DEA-PsDVB has higher adsorption capacity than MEA- and TEA-PsDVB due to more accessible nitro and hydroxyl groups on its surface. Further investigation on the adsorptive properties of DEA-PsDVB indicated that the maximum uptake of p-TA occurred at the optimum pH of 5.3. The kinetics data was successfully represented by the pseudo-first-order model, and the behavior of the adsorption isotherms followed the Freundlich model well. Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption of p-TA onto DEA-PsDVB was an endothermic and spontaneous process along with the positive change in entropy. The regeneration of DEA-PsDVB was performed with 0.1 M NaOH solution, and results showed that 99% of the initial capacity was conserved after eight successive adsorption/regeneration cycles. 相似文献
8.
Jalalzadeh-Esfahani Mehrnoosh Sedaghat Tahereh Beheshti Azizollah Azadi Roya 《Journal of Porous Materials》2022,29(4):1149-1164
Journal of Porous Materials - Benzimidazole functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles immobilized Pd(0)/Pd(II) has been proposed as an efficient catalyst for the one-pot preparation of biaryls... 相似文献
9.
Silicon - SiO2 nano-particles are applied in different industries such as ceramic producing, glass making, cosmetic products, medicines, magnetic mixtures, heat and electric insulators and glazing... 相似文献
10.
Mohammad Reza Vakili Saeed Zahmatkesh Tahereh Jafarizadeh Mohammad Javad Panahiyan 《Polymer Bulletin》2012,68(1):85-94
N-trimelliticimido-l-aspartic acid (1) was prepared from the reaction of trimellitic anhydride with l-aspartic acid in a mixture of glacial acetic acid and pyridine solution (3/2 ratio) under refluxing conditions. The solution
polycondensation of the corresponding activated monomer with eight aromatic diamines were carried out in DMAc. The resulting
poly(amide-imide)s were obtained in quantitative yields, showed admirable inherent viscosities (0.20–0.36 dl g−1), good optical activity (+7.32o to +15.24o), and were readily soluble in polar aprotic solvents. They start to decompose
(T
10%) above 170 °C and display glass-transition temperatures at 120–237 °C. All of the above polymers were fully characterized
by UV, FT–IR, and 1HNMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analyses, DSC, inherent viscosity measurement, and specific rotation. 相似文献