Electrical properties of 1.5-nm SiON gate-dielectric using radical oxygen and radical nitrogen

We have developed a low-leakage and highly reliable 1.5-nm SiON gate-dielectric by using radical oxygen and nitrogen. In this development, we introduce a new method for determining an ultrathin SiON gate-dielectric thickness based on the threshold voltage dependence on the substrate bias in MOSFETs. It was found that oxidation using radical oxygen followed by nitridation using radical nitrogen provides the 1.5-nm (oxide equivalent thickness) SiON, in which leakage current is two orders of magnitude less than that of 1.5-nm SiO/sub 2/ without degrading device performance in NMOSFETs. The 1.5-nm (oxide equivalent thickness) SiON was also found to be ten times more reliable than 1.5-nm SiO/sub 2/.     

Mechanism of Ca2+ increase in myoblasts derived from chicken embryos

The mechanism of intracellular calcium ions (Ca(2+)) increase in chicken myoblasts was studied using histological, immunohistochemical, immunoblotting and Ca(2+) imaging techniques. Mononuclear myoblasts at embryonic day 12 (E12) contained myofibrils in the peripheral cytoplasm, and the sarcoplasmic reticulum was observed in the cytoplasm. Several Ca(2+)-related receptors, namely acetylcholine (ACh) receptors, dihydropyridine receptors (DHPRs) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs), were detected in the tissue as early as E12. Western blotting analyses detected one band corresponding to RyR subtype 3 (RyR3) at E12 and two bands corresponding to RyR1 and RyR3 after E13. Ca(2+) imaging of mononuclear myoblasts in vitro revealed an intense Ca(2+)-increase response to ACh stimulation, and this effect was abolished after EGTA addition to the culture medium. Nifedipine treatment also led to a lack of Ca(2+) increase in response to ACh stimulation, while ryanodine treatment led to a weak Ca(2+)-increase response. On the other hand, multinuclear myoblasts showed a Ca(2+)-increase response to ACh stimulation in the presence of not only EGTA but also nifedipine, although ryanodine treatment led to a lack of Ca(2+) increase. These results suggest that the mechanism of Ca(2+) increase in mononuclear myoblasts involves extracellular Ca(2+) entry through DHPRs, which is amplified by Ca(2+) release from the cytoplasmic Ca(2+) store, while multinuclear myoblasts mainly depend on Ca(2+) release from the cytoplasmic Ca(2+) store.     

Spectral restoration and energy resolution improvement of electron energy-loss spectra by Pixon reconstruction: II. Application to practical ELNES analysis of low SNR

We applied Pixon deconvolution as introduced in Part I to several practical, examples of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), electron energy-loss spectra with a goal toward restoring their fine spectral features and/or improving the energy resolution. We demonstrate that by directly fitting the two-dimensional spectral data recorded on the CCD; the method enables us to reveal fine spectral structures. Consequently, Pixon reconstruction extends the ability to probe electronic states in very spatially localized areas, a capability currently unique to our method.     

A 0.1-μm delta-doped MOSFET fabricated with post-low-energyimplanting selective epitaxy

A simple fabrication technology for delta-doped MOSFETs, named post-low-energy implanting selective epitaxy (PLISE) is presented. The PLISE technology needs no additional photo-lithography mask, deposition step or etching step even for CMOS devices. The only additional step is growing undoped epitaxial channel layers by UHV-CVD after the channel implantation. With this technology, delta-doped NMOSFETs with 0.1-μm gate length were successfully fabricated. By optimizing the epi-layer thickness and the channel doping level, short-channel effects are suppressed enough to achieve 0.1-μm gate length. Moreover, the junction capacitance at zero bias is reduced by 50%     

All solid-state battery with sulfur electrode and thio-LISICON electrolyte

A high-capacity type of all solid-state battery was developed using sulfur electrode and the thio-LISICON electrolyte. New nano-composite of sulfur and acetylene black (AB) with an average particle size of 1–10 nm was fabricated by gas-phase mixing and showed a reversible capacity of 900 mAh g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.013 mA cm⁻².     

A 128-kb FeRAM macro for contact/contactless smart-card microcontrollers

This paper describes a 128-kb FeRAM macro for smart-card microcontrollers. This macro, which was designed and fabricated using a 0.35-/spl mu/m three-metal CMOS and a Capacitor-on-Metal/Via-stacked-Plug (CMVP) process technology, is ideally suited for recent system LSIs such as smart-card microcontrollers. It has a flexible memory size ranging from 32 to 128 kb, a low consumption current of 0.3 mA, and endurance of more than 10/sup 8/ write/read cycles under a wide range of supply voltages, from 2.7 to 5.5 V. These characteristics, which are required of not only contact-type smart-card microcontrollers but also contactless-type ones, were achieved by using four newly developed circuit technologies: 1) a three-metal CMVP memory cell; 2) a voltage-regulating architecture; 3) a main/sub bitline and wordline structure; and 4) a dynamic-type offset sense amplifier.     

Synthesis and characterization of poly(N-tert-alkylmaleimide)s

N-tert-Butylmaleimide (tBMI) polymerized readily in the presence of a radical initiator in spite of its bulky N-substituent to give a high molecular weight and less-flexible poly(substituted methylene). From kinetic investigation for the polymerization of tBMI with 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) in benzene, it was revealed that the rate of polymerization (R _p) was expressed as R _p=k [AIBN]^0.51[tBMI]^1.4, and the overall activation energy was 99.6 kJ/mol. The high polymerization of tBMI was assumed to result from the decrease in the rate of bimolecular termination between rigid polymer radicals bearing a bulky substituent. The flexibility of the polymer chain was examined by the viscometric and light scattering methods, and the effect on the polymerization reactivity was discussed.     

Physico-chemical properties of glycyrrhizic acid in aqueous media. I. Surface-active properties and formation of molecular aggregates (author''s transl)

As shown in 138 embryos and fetuses in the 40-285 mm crown-rump length range, carpal and carpal-metacarpal "fusions" arise from incomplete separation of the cartilaginous precursors rather than from failure of initiation, thus accounting for the "fusions" seen in postnatal radiographs and the grooves that are evident enough in adult fusions. Radiographs selected from over 20,000 apparently normal individuals provide postnatal counterparts for the prenatal examples shown in histological sections.     

常德发酵米粉中的微生物分离纯化与鉴定

本文对常德发酵米粉中的微生物进行了分离纯化,并用试剂盒对其进行了鉴定.鉴定结果为胚芽乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantaum）等十二株乳酸杆菌,鸟链球菌（Enterococcus avium）等五株乳酸链球菌,酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cervisiae）等九株酵母菌.