Facile modifications of polyimide via chloromethylation: II. Synthesis and characterization of thermocurable transparent polyimide having methylene acrylate side groups

From chloromethylated polyimide, a useful starting material for modification of aromatic polyimides, a thermocurable transparent polyimide having acrylate side groups was prepared. In the presence of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec‐7‐ene, chloromethylated polyimide was esterified with acrylic acid to synthesize poly(imide methylene acrylate). The polymer was soluble in organic solvent, which makes it possible to prepare a planar film by spin coating. The polymer film became insoluble after thermal treatment at 230 °C for 30 min. Optical transparency of the film at 400 nm (for 1 µm thickness) was higher than 98 % and not affected by further heating at 230 °C for 250 min. Adhesion properties measured by the ASTM D3359‐B method ranged from 4B to 5B. Preliminary results of planarization testing showed a high degree of planarization (DOP) value (>0.53). These properties demonstrate that poly(imide methylene acrylate) could be utilized as a thermocurable transparent material in fabricating display devices such as TFT‐LCD. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

A distributed adverse drug reaction detection system using intelligent agents with a fuzzy recognition‐primed decision model

Discovering unknown adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in postmarketing surveillance as early as possible is highly desirable. Nevertheless, current postmarketing surveillance methods largely rely on spontaneous reports that suffer from serious underreporting, latency, and inconsistent reporting. Thus these methods are not ideal for rapidly identifying rare ADRs. The multiagent systems paradigm is an emerging and effective approach to tackling distributed problems, especially when data sources and knowledge are geographically located in different places and coordination and collaboration are necessary for decision making. In this article, we propose an active, multiagent framework for early detection of ADRs by utilizing electronic patient data distributed across many different sources and locations. In this framework, intelligent agents assist a team of experts based on the well‐known human decision‐making model called Recognition‐Primed Decision (RPD). We generalize the RPD model to a fuzzy RPD model and utilize fuzzy logic technology to not only represent, interpret, and compute imprecise and subjective cues that are commonly encountered in the ADR problem but also to retrieve prior experiences by evaluating the extent of matching between the current situation and a past experience. We describe our preliminary multiagent system design and illustrate its potential benefits for assisting expert teams in early detection of previously unknown ADRs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 22: 827–845, 2007.     

Cost Effective VLSI Architectures for Full-Search Block-Matching Motion Estimation Algorithm

In this paper, we present efficient VLSI architectures for full-search block-matching motion estimation (BMME) algorithm. Given a search range, we partition it into sub-search arrays called tiles. By fully exploiting data dependency within a tile, efficient VLSI architectures can be obtained. Using the proposed VLSI architectures, all the block-matchings in a tile can be processed in parallel. All the tiles within a search range can be processed serially or concurrently depending on various requirements. With the consideration of processing speed, hardware cost, and I/O bandwidth, the optimal tile size for a specific video application is analyzed. By partitioning a search range into tiles with appropriate size, flexible VLSI designs with different throughput can be obtained. In this way, cost effective VLSI designs for a wide range of video applications, from H.261 to HDTV, can be achieved.     

Formation of C4 species in the deactivation of a Pd/SiO2 catalyst during the selective hydrogenation of acetylene

The deactivation characteristics of Pd/SiO₂ in the selective hydrogenation of acetylene were correlated with changes in the amount of the C4 species produced. The amounts of butenes produced changed in parallel with the catalyst activity, indicating that the rate limiting step for butene production was the same as that for acetylene hydrogenation. On the other hand, the amount of 1,3-butadiene produced changed, showing a maximum with catalyst deactivation because 1,3-butadiene is an intermediate in the sequential reaction process which involves both the production and consumption of 1,3-butadiene. This was verified by a simultaneous TG/reaction experiment showing that 1,3-butadiene was a precursor of green oil. The catalyst showed a self-regenerative behavior in its activity and the amounts of C4 species produced during the early stage of deactivation because two opposite factors, which contributed to either the lowering or the promotion of activity, were involved in the process. A specific type of polymer species, produced during the initial period of deactivation, is proposed to be responsible for the promotion of catalyst activity.     

大型电除尘器的设计、安装及操作要点

探讨了硫酸生产用大型电除尘器的要求、设计参数的选择及结构设计.指出要重视大型电除尘器的设计、制造和安装质量,并精心操作和维护,以实现长周期稳定运行.生产实践表明,只有在各个环节都做到精益求精,才能使国产大型电除尘器的质量和性能尽快达到当今世界先进水平.     

无磷洗涤剂的现状及存在问题

含磷洗涤剂中含的“磷”主要是STPP，作用很大但对环境的危害也很大，它是造成地表水体出现富营养化的重要原因之一，所以许多地方政府都在实行“禁磷”——禁止销售、使用含磷洗涤剂。现在我国使用的无磷洗涤剂中代磷助剂主要有3种，其中4A沸石用量最大，但它会对环境带来新的问题。主要介绍了含磷洗涤剂的危害及无磷洗涤剂的应用现状，指出了我国禁磷后将面临的问题。     

Finite twist and extension of a cylindrical elastic membrane

Summary We consider a circular cylindrical membrane subjected to longitudinal extension and twist. The associated equilibrium deformation is considered to be axisymmetric and the analysis is based on a direct two-dimensional formulation. Wrinkling of the membrane is taken into account in an approximate way by introducing arelaxed strain energy function derived from the neo-Hookean strain energy for isotropic elastic solids. Analytical formulae for wrinkled parts of the membrane are used to corroborate the results of a numerical treatment of the full boundary value problem.Dedicated to the memory of A. C. Pipkin     

The effects of plasma etching induced gate oxide degradation onMOSFET's 1/f noise

The effects of the plasma etching process induced gate oxide damages on device's low frequency noise behavior are investigated on MOSFET's fabricated with different field plate perimeter to gate area ratio antennas. Abnormal 1/f noise spectrum with a shoulder centered in the frequency range of 100 and to 1 kHz was frequently observed in small geometry devices, and it is attributable to a nonuniform distribution of oxide traps induced by plasma etching process     

The use of doped polyaniline as an electrode in the galvanic anodic protection of ferrous metals in industrial acid solutions

In order to investigate the galvanic anodic protection (GAP) of ferrous metals (such as 410, 304 and 316 stainless steels) in acid solutions by doped polyaniline (PANi), separate doped PANi powder-pressed electrodes with different surface areas (the area ratio of the PANi electrode to stainless steel is between 1:1 and 1:2) have been prepared. These were coupled with ferrous metal in the following solutions: 5 M sulphuric acid, 5 M phosphoric acid and industrial phosphoric acid (containing 5 M phosphoric acid and 0.05% chloride ion) to construct a galvanic cell, in which PANi is cathode while ferrous metal is anode. The results indicate that a PANi electrode with sufficient area can provide corrosion protection to stainless steel in these acidic solutions. A pilot scale coupling experiment was carried out. The results indicate that PANi is a promising material as an electrode for the anodic protection of ferrous metals in acidic solutions in industrial situations.