Design of color tunable thin film polymer solar cells for photovoltaics printing

Color tunable thin film polymer solar cells have demonstrated the potentials of a wide applications in photovoltaics printing, which is significant for ink pollution reduction and energy saving. This work presents a new effective approach to realize color-tuning photovoltaic cells with optical microcavity structures. Aluminum-doped zinc oxide is utilized as electron transport layer material. With its high electrical conductivity, the thickness tuning range can be quite large, which means the cavity length has a wide variation range. It thus provides sufficient space for optical thin film design to obtain multi colors. By the transfer matrix method, device reflection and absorption spectra are numerically investigated. Based on that, the optical principles for color tunability are explored. In further step, the relationship between device photovoltaics performance and reflective colors are also discussed. Finally, the color coordinates and luminosities are calculated. As results, the colors of the devices designed are capable to cover a relatively large region in Commission Internationale de l′Eclairage(CIE) 1931 x, y chromaticity diagram, which is available to be integrated into the advertisement poster boards, building wall printing and other display applications.     

赤藓糖醇基复合相变材料的研究进展

相变储热材料通过其相变潜热实现能量的吸收、储存与释放,可以合理有效地利用现有能源、优化使用可再生资源和提高能源利用率.赤藓糖醇的相变温度约118℃,潜热约314 J/g,储能密度大、无腐蚀性,在中温储能领域有广阔的应用前景,现已被广泛应用于太阳能蓄热、工业余废热回收、清洁供暖等领域.然而,赤藓糖醇过冷严重、导热性能相对较差,使得热能无法及时地释放,造成热能利用效率不高,极大地限制了其在储能领域的应用.复合材料制备技术的发展为改善赤藓糖醇的过冷与导热性能提供了一种新的方法,在保留赤藓糖醇优异性能的同时,弥补了它的高过冷和低导热等缺陷.目前,制备赤藓糖醇复合相变材料已成为改善赤藓糖醇性能的主要方法,并取得了显著的成果.引入成核剂可以降低体系的形核势垒,促进成核,从而抑制过冷.纳米金属及其氧化物、膨胀石墨、石墨泡沫等材料的合理引入明显降低了赤藓糖醇的过冷度,最高可降低93％.将赤藓糖醇长时间控制在过冷的亚稳态,是利用其高过冷特性进行跨季节储能应用的关键,但该技术仍处于研究阶段.通过添加高导热材料来增加赤藓糖醇的当量热导率和增大相变蓄热器换热面积是赤藓糖醇热强化的主要措施,当量热导率可高达30 W/(m·K),且热利用率显著提高.相平衡理论为调节赤藓糖醇的相变温度提供了思路,选择合适的有机相变材料可以制备出相变温度在70～120℃范围内可调、潜热大于200 J/g的共晶相变材料.本文简述了赤藓糖醇基复合相变材料的常用制备技术,分别对改善赤藓糖醇过冷性能和导热性能的手段以及如何利用赤藓糖醇的高过冷进行综述,归纳了调控赤藓糖醇相变温度的方法,分析了赤藓糖醇基复合相变材料在实际应用中的优势.     

三维立方周期阵列石膏基材料吸波性能仿真与实验研究

基于三维立方周期阵列结构,以乙炔炭黑为吸波剂,设计了一种具有宽频特性的石膏基吸波材料.HFSS(High frequency structure simula-tor)仿真结果显示,三维周期阵列单元的边长、高度、基层厚度及炭黑质量分数会对材料的吸波性能及有效频段产生显著影响.试验结果显示,对于周期阵列单元边长为10 mm、高度为5 mm、基层厚度为10 mm、炭黑含量为2％的试样,其在4.2～18 GHz范围内的反射率低于-10 dB,有效频带宽度可达13.8 GHz以上.试验结果与仿真结果具有较高的吻合度.该材料的电磁波损耗主要来自于乙炔炭黑的电阻损耗和三维周期阵列的结构效应.