A novel electro‐organic synthesis of aniline‐based copolymers at platinum electrodes

A novel, efficient, and ecocompatible electro copolymerization of anilines at platinum electrode using acetonitrile as non‐aqueous solvent and lithiumperchlorate as supporting electrolyte was carried and described here. The progress and mechanistic study of copolymerization was done using cyclic voltammetry. The reaction proceeded smoothly and quantitatively at ambient temperature. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Polymer-derived ceramic molten metal filters

Journal of Materials Science - This paper reports the synthesis and the performance of polymer-derived ceramic filters for molten metal filtration. Two different filter types were studied: foam...     

CARI – a heuristic approach to machine-part cell formation using correlation analysis and relevance index

Machine-part cell formation is the process of identifying part families and the appropriate machine cell for each part family. Grouping efficacy (GE), the widely used measure for assessing the goodness of the machine-part cells depends on identification of correct part families and the appropriate machine cell for each part family. In this paper, a heuristic based on correlation analysis and relevance index is proposed for the formation of machine-part cells. Computational performance of the proposed heuristic on a set of group technology data-set available in the literature is also presented. GE of the solutions produced by the proposed heuristic is equal to the best efficacy reported in the literature for 63% of the test instances and improved the GE for 6% of the total test instances.     

3D Printed SiOC(N) Ceramic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration: Improved Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Bone tissue engineering has developed significantly in recent years as there has been increasing demand for bone substitutes due to trauma, cancer, arthritis, and infections. The scaffolds for bone regeneration need to be mechanically stable and have a 3D architecture with interconnected pores. With the advances in additive manufacturing technology, these requirements can be fulfilled by 3D printing scaffolds with controlled geometry and porosity using a low-cost multistep process. The scaffolds, however, must also be bioactive to promote the environment for the cells to regenerate into bone tissue. To determine if a low-cost 3D printing method for bespoke SiOC(N) porous structures can regenerate bone, these structures were tested for osteointegration potential by using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). This includes checking the general biocompatibilities under the osteogenic differentiation environment (cell proliferation and metabolism). Moreover, cell morphology was observed by confocal microscopy, and gene expressions on typical osteogenic markers at different stages for bone formation were determined by real-time PCR. The results of the study showed the pore size of the scaffolds had a significant impact on differentiation. A certain range of pore size could stimulate osteogenic differentiation, thus promoting bone regrowth and regeneration.     

Evaluation of Microstructural and Mechanical Behaviours of Tempered 2.25Cr–1Mo Steel Through Electromagnetic Characterization

The effect of tempering treatment has been investigated on water quenched P22 steel with the chemical composition of 0.13C, 0.24Si, 0.47Mn, 0.012P, 0.005S, 2.19Cr, 0.93Mo and balance Fe (all in wt%) within the temperature ranges of 650–900 °C. The microstructural, mechanical and magnetic properties of as-quenched and tempered steels have been investigated through optical and scanning electron microscopy, hardness and universal tensile testing, electromagnetic sensor (Magstar), respectively. The water quenched sample consists of fine martensitic structure with a hardness of 381 HV. With the progress of tempering, the martensite becomes coarse till 800 °C, decreasing the hardness of steel samples. The tempering at 700 °C results in martensite coarsening and precipitation of rod and globular shaped carbides; while a fraction of globular carbide is observed to increase in the matrix after 750 °C of tempering. Beyond 800 °C, the ferrite and bainite phases gradually form by replacing martensite, and the ferrite structure is prevalent after 900 °C. Due to microstructural changes, the magnetic properties are also affected as a function of tempering temperature. The coarsening of martensite causes the decrease in coercivity with increasing tempering temperature, leading to magnetic softening.     

Targeting climate-neutral hydrogen production: Integrating brown and blue pathways with green hydrogen infrastructure via a novel superstructure and simulation-based life cycle optimization

This article addresses the sustainable design of hydrogen (H₂) production systems that integrate brown and blue pathways with green hydrogen infrastructure. We develop a systematic framework to simultaneously optimize the process superstructure and operating conditions of steam methane reforming (SMR)-based hydrogen production systems. A comprehensive superstructure that integrates SMR with multiple carbon dioxide capture technologies, electrolyzers, fuel cells, and working fluids in the organic rankine cycle is proposed under varying operating conditions. A life cycle optimization model is then developed by integrating superstructure optimization, life cycle assessment approach, techno-economic assessment, and process optimization using extensive process simulation models and formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear program. We find that the optimal unit-levelized cost of hydrogen ranges from $1.49 to $3.18 per kg H₂. Moreover, the most environmentally friendly process attains net-zero life cycle greenhouse gas emissions compared to 10.55 kg CO₂-eq per kg H₂ for the most economically competitive process design.     

What's in a Decade? Transforming Faces Through Time

How can one visually characterize photographs of people over time? In this work, we describe the Faces Through Time dataset, which contains over a thousand portrait images per decade from the 1880s to the present day. Using our new dataset, we devise a framework for resynthesizing portrait images across time, imagining how a portrait taken during a particular decade might have looked like had it been taken in other decades. Our framework optimizes a family of per-decade generators that reveal subtle changes that differentiate decades—such as different hairstyles or makeup—while maintaining the identity of the input portrait. Experiments show that our method can more effectively resynthesizing portraits across time compared to state-of-the-art image-to-image translation methods, as well as attribute-based and language-guided portrait editing models. Our code and data will be available at facesthroughtime.github.io.