External Research Collaboration in Two Small Science Systems

This paper compares external research collaboration in small science systems. The design involves studying research collaboration in an independent country (Iceland) and a region of a large country (Newfoundland, Canada). The objective of the paper is firstly to gain a deeper understanding of external research collaboration in small science systems by using both quantitative and qualitative methods and secondly to examine if it is justifiable to compare small regions and small independent countries in terms of their scientific activities. The two science systems are compared with respect to their publication patterns in order to explore how comparable they are in their scientific profiles. External collaboration rates for both science systems are then measured and compared, and it is shown that research collaboration plays an important part in the two science systems. The role of research collaboration is examined further with a combination of bibliometric analysis and interview data. It was found that scientists in small science systems do not collaborate only because they lack economic resources, but an important reason for their collaboration was the availability of research material which was in demand by scientists in the wider scientific world.     

Two forms of social conformity: Acquiescence and conventionality.

The "study was designed to obtain some objective measure of both kinds of conformity… the dynamic process of immediate conformity, termed acquiescence; and long term results of conformity to cultural norms, termed conventionality." 22 references. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Erythrocyte Toxicities of Imidazolidinyl Urea and Diazolidinyl Urea

The addition of antimicrobial preservatives to pharmaceutical and cosmetic products is necessary to prevent microbial growth. However, the use of preservatives can also produce other undesirable effects. For several years, researchers have been investigating the use of alternative methods in safety assessment of cosmetic ingredients and formulations by means of variety methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the erythrocyte toxicities of two commercial preservatives： imidazolidinyl urea and diazolidinyl urea. Relatively few studies about the cytotoxicity of these preservative are available. The determination of their cytotoxicity is an essential step to warrant their safe use. Erythrocyte toxicities were evaluated by assessment of the amount of hemoglobin released by red blood cells after their lysis. In this study, both imidazolidinyl urea and diazolidinyl urea showed cytotoxic activity against red blood cells. The imidazolidinyl urea induce a small release of hemoglobin after 120 min of incubation. But, the diazolidinyl urea induce a massive release of hemoglobin from the imidazolidinyl urea （a rate of 83% at concentrations of 6.25 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL）.     

Innovative use of a sediment dumping area by the port as a car yard

The Port of Kotka is situated by the Baltic Sea and the river Kymi. The river transports into the estuary sediments containing pollutants. The dredging and dumping of the polluted sediments are challenging tasks, which are strictly monitored by the environmental authorities. In this study, we show how a former dumping area was converted into a car storage area in an innovative way. The construction on wetland base was extremely challenging. The field was built by using tyre scrap, which weighs only a quarter of the stone material's weight. The advantage of frost season was used during the construction phase, which reduces the costs. The Port of Kotka's solution to use polluted dredged material and waste material, in order to economically reclaim new land, sets a good example that can be used in other ports as well.     

Meso‐SiO2–C12EO10OH–CF3SO3H—A Novel Proton‐Conducting Solid Electrolyte

This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of a novel mesostructured solid electrolyte composite material, denoted meso‐SiO₂–C₁₂EO₁₀OH–CF₃SO₃H. A lyotropic non‐ionic surfactant–triflic acid–silicate liquid crystal is used as a supramolecular template for a “one‐pot” synthesis of the material. Within this structure, the oligoethyleneoxide head groups of the non‐ionic surfactant that is imbibed within the channels of hexagonal mesoporous silica act in a crown‐ether‐like fashion towards the protons. The structure and dynamics of the silicate–oligo(ethylene oxide)surfactant–triflic acid co‐assembly has been studied via several analytical techniques. These methods include polarized optical microscopy (POM), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy. Together these results imply that the protons coordinate to the oxygen atoms of the ethylene oxide units on the non‐ionic surfactant and the compound has the structural integrity of the silicified liquid crystal. AC impedance spectroscopy was used to determine the proton conductivity of the meso‐SiO₂–C₁₂EO₁₀OH–CF₃SO₃H composite material at different relative humidity values giving some insight into its potential utility as a proton conducting solid electrolyte in a proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell.     

The influence of valence on distance judgments of human faces.

"An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that photographs of positively valent faces would be set nearer the subject than negative faces, in ostensibly objective distance judgments… . Several examples of valent faces were compared, e.g., popular vs. unpopular figures from public life, an authority figure vs. peers, and self vs. peers. The responses of women… bore out the predictions, those of the men did not do so uniformly." From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4GD20B. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Crystallization and spherulitic growth kinetics of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/polycarbonate blends

The macroscopic and microscopic melt‐crystallization kinetics of poly(trimethylene terphthalate) (PTT)/polycarbonate (PC) blends have been measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and optical microscopy (OM). The results are analyzed in terms of the Avrami equation and the Hoffman–Lauritzen crystallization theory (HL model). Blending with PC did not change the crystallization mechanism of PTT, but reduced the crystallization rate compared with that of neat PTT at the same crystallization temperature. The crystallization rate decreased with increasing crystallization temperature. The spherulitic morphology of PTT was influenced apparently by the crystallization temperature and by the addition of PC. X‐ray diffraction shows no change in the unit cell dimension of PTT was observed after blending. Through the HL theory, the classical regime II→III transition was detected for the neat PTT and the blends. The nucleation parameter (K_g), the fold‐surface free energy (σ_e), and the work of chain folding (q) were calculated. Blending with PC decreased all the aforementioned parameters compared with those of neat PTT. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers     

LARGE EDDY SIMULATION （LES） OF TURBULENT FLOW BY FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD

A Large Eddy Simulation (LES) technique was applied to solve the turbulent channel flow for Rer = 150.Three types of turbulence models are employed, such as the Smagorinsky model, the Dynamic Sub-Grid Scale(SGS) model and the Generalized Normal Stress (GNS) model. The simulated data in time series for the LES were averaged in both time and space to carry out the statistical analysis. Results of LES were compared with that of a DNS. As an application, a LES technique was used for 2D body in order to check the validation by investigating the turbulent vortical motion around the afterbody with a slant angle.