Molecular structure and granule morphology of native and heat‐moisture‐treated pinhão starch

Pinhão seed is an unconventional source of starch and the pines grow up in native forests of southern Latin America. In this study, pinhão starch was adjusted at 15, 20 and 25% moisture content and heated to 100, 110 and 120 °C for 1 h. A decrease in λ max (starch/iodine complex) was observed as a result of increase in temperature and moisture content of HMT. The ratio of crystalline to amorphous phase in pinhão starch was determined via Fourier transform infra red by taking 1045/1022 band ratio. A decrease in crystallinity occurred as a result of HMT. Polarised light microscopy indicated a loss of birefringence of starch granules under 120 °C at 25% moisture content. Granule size distribution was further confirmed via scanning electron microscopy which showed the HMT effects. These results increased the understanding on molecular and structural properties of HMT pinhão starch and broadened its food and nonfood industrial applications.     

降低烧结返矿率的途径与实践

通过对影响烧结返矿率的因素进行分析，从优化配料、强化制粒和造球、提高料层厚度、实现低碳低水均质烧结等几个方面着手，使烧结返矿率从1998年的23．6％降到了2003年的16．9％。     

差分式连续时间电流型CMOS跨导—电容低通滤波器

应用信号流图法对电流系统传递函数直接模拟，提出了一种新颖的差分式连续时间电流模式ＣＭＯＳ跨导－电容低通滤波器的实现方案。由于采用了差分式结构和电流负反馈，整个电路方案具有差分式结构和电流型电路的优点；并且仅使用最少数量的ＯＴＡ和电容，与数字ＣＭＯＳ工艺兼容，适于全集成。面向实际电路完成了ＭＯＳ管级的计算机仿真，结果表明，所提出的电路方案正确有效     

Zooplankton population in the river tigris: Effects of samarra impoundment

The influences of the Samarra impoundment on the ecology of the downstream sector of the river Tigris are investigated. Zooplankton were collected monthly from July 1987 to July 1988. It was found that zooplankton were most abundant during high river discharges in March. During the month of low river discharge, September, the zooplankton population was greatly reduced immediately below the barrage and remained so to the last downstream station. Several factors seem to explain such differences. The high discharge from the impoundment was found to be the dominating factor and may flush the small backwaters in which zooplankton were abundant, thus increasing the population in the river. Zooplankton species vary in their ability to sustain populations in the river, variations which are due mainly to species-specific characteristics.     

Synthesis and thermomechanical characterization of polyurethane elastomers extended with α,ω‐alkane diols

A series of polyurethane (PU) elastomers was prepared by the reaction of poly(?‐caprolactone) and 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate, which was extended with a series of chain extenders (CEs) having 2–10 methylene units in their structure. The completion of the reaction was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The chemical structures of the synthesized PU samples were characterized with Fourier transform infrared, ¹H‐NMR, and ¹³C‐NMR spectroscopy, and the thermal properties were determined by thermogravimetric analysis, DSC, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis techniques. The mechanical properties were also studied and are discussed. The thermogravimetric analysis and DSC analysis showed that CE length had a considerable effect on the thermal properties of the prepared samples. The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and damping peaks were also affected by the number of methylene units in the CE length. The elastomer extended with 1,2‐ethane diol exhibited optimum thermal properties, whereas the elastomer based on 1,10‐decane diol displayed the worst thermal properties. Tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with increasing CE length, whereas hardness showed the opposite trend. The glass‐transition temperature moved toward lower temperatures with increasing CE length. The decrease in the glass‐transition temperature and tensile properties were interpreted in terms of decreasing hard segments and increasing chain flexibility. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

HSE管理体系认证审核的要点

企业所建立的HSE管理体系已运行多年,大多满足认证的条件,HSE体系认证是体系运行的重要环节,也是体系运行绩效的肯定。审核时要面对大量的体系文件和作业记录,因此把握住审核要点会起到事半功倍的效果。     

注水站微机数据采集与控制系统

用工控机组成了油田注水站数据采集系统．给出了系统的组成及测量方法，并讨论了系统的可靠性等问题．     

异型材挤出口模内的流动模拟

本文根据挤出机理，对口模内的流动行为进行适当的简化和假定，建立了挤出口模内流动分析的数学模型，并采用横截面／假想区域法实现了复杂异型材挤出口模内的数值模拟，数值分析结果与三维有限元解和解析解的对比，取得了满意的效果。     

Observability by using viability kernels

The aim of this paper is to propose a new way to deal with observability of systems governed by ODEs, in a more general setting than the standard output equation.The primary finding is that observability over a time horizon reduces to single-valuedness of the vertical section of a set we name the observability kernel.The latter consists of the viability kernel of the output domain under the augmented system.The approach may be used either for global or local observability,to which available results on single-valuedness of multifunctions shall be applied in order to get necessary and/or sufficient characterizing conditions.Several examples are provided in order to illustrate the method.     

推进里下河湖区退圩(围)还湖的实践与研究

为改善淮河流域里下河地区水环境,修复水生态,提升湖泊综合功能,针对里下河腹部地区湖泊湖荡众多、历史和地理情况复杂而特殊的现状,分析了湖区存在的主要问题,指出了推进退圩(围)还湖的必要性和紧迫性,总结了推进里下河地区湖泊湖荡退圩(围)还湖的工作思路和初步成效,针对退圩(围)还湖工作中存在问题和困难进行了认真思考和研究,提出改进措施和方向,以期为其他湖泊管理与保护工作提供有益借鉴.