Artificial neural networks for coordination and control: The portability of experiential representations

It is time to locate connectionist representation theory in the new wave of robotics research. The utility of representations developed in artificial neural networks (ANNs) during learning has been demonstrated in cognitive science research since the 1980s. The research reported here puts learned representations to work in a decentered control task, the disembodied arm problem, in which a mobile robot operates an arm fixed to a table to pick up objects. There is no physical linkage between the arm and the robot and so the robot's point of view must be decentered. This is done by developing a modular Artificial Neural Net system in three stages: (i) a classifier net is trained with laser scan data to output transformationally invariant position classes; (ii) an arm net is trained for picking up objects; (iii) an inter net is trained to communicate and coordinate the sensing and acting. The completed system is shown to create new nonsymbolic transformationally invariant representations in order to perform the effective generalization of decentered viewpoints.     

Evaluation of chromic oxide,glycerol triether,and β-sitosterol as fecal flow markers in two species of nonhuman primates

Recovery of β-sitosterol, glycerol triether (1-hexadecyl-2,3,-didodecyl glycerol triether), and chromic oxide was studied in African green monkeys and stumptail macaques consuming diets containing 0.75 mg/Cal cholesterol and 38% of calories as safflower oil or butter. Following oral administration of these compounds, feces were collected daily for 9 days. For all animals, excretion of β-sitosterol and glycerol triether paralleled one another almost exactly. Except for two animlas, this was also true for chromic acid. Essentially 100% of the administered β-sitosterol and 90–95% of the glycerol triether were recovered; excretion of these markers virtually was complete by day 3. Ninety-two percent of the β-sitosterol was isolated in the nonsaponifiable lipid extract of the feces with less than 6% in the remaining aqueous phase. A maximum of 3.1% of the β-sitosterol and 1.8% of the glycerol triether were found in the blood. For stumptail macaques, the major excretory form of β-sitosterol was the 5β-derivative. African green monkeys were more variable; one animal excreted the bulk of the β-sitosterol unchanged while others excreted greater than 80% as the ring-saturated 5β-derivative. Animals consuming the safflower oil containing diet consistently excreted a greater percentage of the β-sitosterol unchanged, compared with those animals eating the butter containing diet. There was no evidence for steroid ring degradation in any of the animals used in this study.     

CMDB：成为单一来源的真相

配置管理数据库（CMDB）须能达成如下目标;例如：优化问题,制定IT流程,确定每个工作人员的数据分配。     

The effect of ionic liquids with imidazolium and pyridinium cations on the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in acidic environment

Ionic liquids with chemical formula 1,3-dioctadecylimidazolium bromide and N-Octadecylpyridinium bromide were synthesized by conventional and microwave-assisted reactions, respectively. Ionic liquids tested as corrosion inhibitors after polarization curves displayed corrosion protection efficiency within 82-88% at 100 ppm for mild steel in a 1 M aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. Standard free energy indicated that corrosion inhibition occurred by a chemical adsorption process. Surface analysis (SEM, EDX) completed by XRD and Mössbauer spectroscopy indicated the presence of carbon species pertaining to inhibitor and corrosion products, which was rationalized in an inhibition mechanism.     

Drift hole mobility in strained and unstrained doped Si1-xGex alloys

Results of the drift hole mobility in strained and unstrained SiGe alloys are reported for Ge fractions varying from 0 to 30% and doping levels of 10¹⁵-10¹⁹ cm^-3. The mobilities are calculated taking into account acoustic, optical, alloy, and ionized-impurity scattering. The mobilities are then compared with experimental results for a boron doping concentration of 2×10¹⁹ cm^-3. Good agreement between experimental and theoretical values is obtained. The results show an increase in the mobility relative to that of silicon     

Selective doping of silicon by rapid thermal and laser assisted processes

The selective doping technique, made by the combination of spin-on dopant (SOD) source deposition, rapid thermal annealing (RTA) and laser treatments is proposed as an innovative process for large area devices, like silicon solar cells.Rapid thermal diffusion (RTD) is first carried out from phosphorus SOD layers to form a lightly doped junction followed by pulsed laser irradiation to induce overdoping in selectively chosen regions.Here we present extensive study on the dependence of selective doping efficiency through different working variables, such as dopant source dilution, diffusion temperature and time for RTPs, and power and translation velocity for lasers. Electrical and structural characterizations have been performed by using several techniques: SIMS, stripping-Hall, four-point probe resistivity, SEM and TEM analysis.The combined use of these processes has been applied to the realization of selective emitter structures for silicon solar cells.     

Inorganic Electron Transport Materials in Perovskite Solar Cells

In the past decade, the perovskite solar cell (PSC) has attracted tremendous attention thanks to the substantial efforts in improving the power conversion efficiency from 3.8% to 25.5% for single-junction devices and even perovskite-silicon tandems have reached 29.15%. This is a result of improvement in composition, solvent, interface, and dimensionality engineering. Furthermore, the long-term stability of PSCs has also been significantly improved. Such rapid developments have made PSCs a competitive candidate for next-generation photovoltaics. The electron transport layer (ETL) is one of the most important functional layers in PSCs, due to its crucial role in contributing to the overall performance of devices. This review provides an up-to-date summary of the developments in inorganic electron transport materials (ETMs) for PSCs. The three most prevalent inorganic ETMs (TiO₂, SnO_2, and ZnO) are examined with a focus on the effects of synthesis and preparation methods, as well as an introduction to their application in tandem devices. The emerging trends in inorganic ETMs used for PSC research are also reviewed. Finally, strategies to optimize the performance of ETL in PSCs, effects the ETL has on J–V hysteresis phenomenon and long-term stability with an outlook on current challenges and further development are discussed.     

Room temperature CW operation of GaInAsP/InP double heterostructure diode lasers emitting at 1.5 ?m grown by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (LP-MO CVD)

Room temperature continuous wave (CW) operation at 1.5 ?m has been achieved in GaInAsP/InP DH lasers fabricated on material grown by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (LP-MO CVD). Threshold currents as low as 200 mA DC have been measured for devices with a stripe width of 9 ?m and a cavity length of 300 ?m. Values of To as high as 64 K have been obtained, where To is defined by the expression Jth(T) = Jth(0) exp (T/To). Fundamental transverse mode oscillation has been achieved up to an output power of 10 mW.     

Energy-efficient Hardware Accelerators for the SA-DCT and Its Inverse

The explosive growth of the mobile multimedia industry has accentuated the need for efficient VLSI implementations of the associated computationally demanding signal processing algorithms. In particular, the short battery life caused by excessive power consumption of mobile devices has become the biggest obstacle facing truly mobile multimedia. We propose novel hardware accelerator architectures for two of the most computationally demanding algorithms of the MPEG-4 video compression standard––the forward and inverse shape adaptive discrete cosine transforms (SA-DCT/IDCT). These accelerators have been designed using general low-energy design philosophies at the algorithmic/architectural abstraction levels. The themes of these philosophies are avoiding waste and trading area/performance for power and energy gains. Each core has been synthesised targeting TSMC 0.09 μm TCBN90LP technology, and the experimental results presented in this paper show that the proposed cores improve upon the prior art.