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1.
Colour extension properties of individual pigments and effects on shades of foundations in cake form
AKIRA TSUGITA TAKASHI FUKISHIMA TOHRU YONEYA YASUSH INISHIJIMA 《International journal of cosmetic science》1985,7(1):15-27
The mechanism of colour change during the pigment dispersion process and during powder application to the skin surface was studied by examining the colour extension properties of Yellow. Red , and Black iron oxides in white powder bases. A new measure for the evaluation of the degree of colour extension was devised. This measure corresponded well with human visual sensation, and was found to be useful for comparing the rates of colour extension of pigments. The rate of colour extension of pigments was found to vary in the order: Yellow acicular Red granular Red Black. This result explains colour darkening and the change towards reddish tones during the pigment dispersion process, because Yellow extends fully in the early stage of the process but Red , especially in granular form, and Black continue to extend even in the later stage. Acicular Red iron oxide is more favourably employed than the granular form to attain sufficient colour extension of foundations with lower energy expenditure, and to decrease the discrepancy between the cake colour and the colour of applied powder.
Le développement des oxydes de fer et effet sur les nuances des fonds de teint compacts 相似文献
Le développement des oxydes de fer et effet sur les nuances des fonds de teint compacts 相似文献
2.
SHIN-ICHI IWAI TAKASHI WATANABE ICHIRO MINATO KIYOSHI OKADA† HIDEKI MORIKAWA 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1980,63(1-2):44-46
Thermal decomposition of mullite into corundum was investigated using a high-temperature X-ray single-crystal camera equipped with a gas-flame furnace and by scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). When heated to ∼1750°C, mullite decomposed to corundum by the liberation of the SiO2 component with topotaxial relations of:
Thus, it was considered that, when mullite decomposed into corundum, their oxygen close-packed planes were almost preserved. The SEM photographs showed that the crystals of the developed corundum are prismatic and ∼5 μm wide. The EPMA showed that the phase boundary between mullite and developed corundum is discontinuous. 相似文献
- (1)
(310)
mull ∥(001)cor ; [001]mull ∥[110]cor - (2)
(130)
mull ∥(001)cor ; [001]mull ∥[110]cor - (3)
(110)
mull ∥(001)cor ; [001]mull ∥[110]cor
Thus, it was considered that, when mullite decomposed into corundum, their oxygen close-packed planes were almost preserved. The SEM photographs showed that the crystals of the developed corundum are prismatic and ∼5 μm wide. The EPMA showed that the phase boundary between mullite and developed corundum is discontinuous. 相似文献
3.
DAISUKE HIRAMATSU KAZUMA TSUJIKAWA TAKASHI UEDA MASAFUMI FUJITA HIROAKI ISHIZUKA MASASHI OKUBO HIDEYUKI HACHIYA JUNJI MORI DAI NOZAKI DAISUKE IWASHITA TADASHI TOKUMASU 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》2017,198(2):39-49
Fractional‐slot windings are widely used in rotating machines in order to improve the output voltage waveform, increase the design flexibility, and gain many other advantages. However, fractional‐slot windings are known to produce different harmonic components such as an even order and/or fractional number of space flux harmonics compared to integral‐slot windings. These harmonics may increase stray losses and cause stator core vibration. This paper describes an analysis of space flux harmonics and proposes new winding methods such as “novel interspersed windings” to reduce these harmonic components. The proposed winding methods were verified by numerical analysis and model tests. 相似文献
4.
YOSHIKI SUZUKI MINORU MIZUTANI TAKAMITSU SUGIURA NAOKI SAKAI TAKASHI OHIRA 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》2016,195(1):63-71
Electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to play a leading role in the changeover from fossil fuels to clean energy. However, EVs are currently not very popular, owing to their short cruising distance and long charging time. Wireless power transfer from the infrastructure to running EVs is expected to be the solution to these problems. Electric vehicle and electrified roadway (EVER) has been proposed as a wireless power transfer system for EVs while in motion. Via‐wheel power transfer (V‐WPT) is expected to be a wireless power transfer scheme for EVER. We designed and prototyped a 1:32 scale model of a V‐WPT system that consists of an RF inverter, an electrified roadway, a rectifier, and an EV with a dc motor. The output power of the prototype RF inverter was 5.9 W and the dc–RF conversion efficiency was 36.6%. The LC matching circuits for the V‐WPT were designed with two‐port conjugate matching because S11 of the V‐WPT was intrinsically –0.06 dB. After matching, the S11 value was reduced to –21.5 dB. The power transmission efficiency of the V‐WPT system was 75%. The RF–dc conversion efficiency of the rectifier was 62%. The total efficiency of the EVER system was 24.2%. 相似文献
5.
以龙冈的在不规则荷载作用下土体应变的累积损伤理论为基础,提出了基于累积损伤理论的土石坝地震永久变形分析方法。采用大型静力和动力三轴仪,对某土石坝筑坝材料的静动变形特性进行了试验研究,确定了筑坝材料的静力和动力应力应变关系、累积应变模型和相应的材料参数。利用该方法,分别对在日本2008年6月14日岩手宫城内陆M7.2级地震作用下该土石坝的在建坝体和竣工后坝体的地震永久变形特性进行了研究。结果表明:在建坝体的坝内沉降计算值与现场实测值基本吻合,并且通过与其它土石坝实测值的比较,说明竣工后坝体的坝顶沉降预测值在合理范围之内。 相似文献
6.
TOSHIO HIRAI KOICHI NIIHARA TAKASHI GOTO 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1980,63(7-8):419-424
A thermo gravimetric study of the oxidation behavior of chemically vapor-deposited amorphous and crystalline Si3 N4 (CVD Si3 N4 ) was made in dry oxygen (0.1 MPa) at 1550° to 1650°C. The specimens were prepared under various deposition conditions using a mixture of SiCl4 , NH3 , and H2 gases. The crystalline CVD Si3 N4 indicated a parabolic oxidation kinetics over the whole temperature range, whereas the amorphous CVD Si3 N4 changed from a parabolic to a linear law with increased temperature. The oxidation mechanism is discussed in terms of the activation energy for the oxidation and the microstructure of the formed oxide films. 相似文献
7.
TAKASHI YAHAGI 《International journal of control》2013,86(3):581-596
This paper deals with the optimum design of linear multivariate sampled-data control systems, Section 2 is concerned with the design of such control systems which are optimum on the basis of deadbeat performance. This design procedure is general and can be applied similarly to any deterministic inputs such as step, ramp, etc. Section 3 is concerned with such control systems with respect to an integral form performance criterion. It is desired that the performance index takes the form of an integral, especially when the state variables of a control system are continuous with respect to time. For this reason, the minimum integral control is considered here. The performance limits for such systems optimized for a deterministic input are considered in §4, and some interesting theorems are proved by using the w-transform. 相似文献
8.
KATSUNOBU KONISHI KŌJI INOUCHI TOSHIO YOSHIMURA TAKASHI SOEDA 《International journal of systems science》2013,44(11):1265-1278
This paper is concerned with the problem of identifying parameters in stochastic systems described by single-input single-output linear discrete-time equations. A stable estimation error system is developed by using the extended Kalman filter technique and the concept of strictly positive real transfer function. The identifier corresponding to the estimation error system is constructed, and the convergence of parameter estimates to the exact values is proved under some bounded conditions. It is shown that the recursive maximum likelihood identifier and the recursive extended least squares identifier are obtained by neglecting the correction terms in the proposed identifier. Numerical examples for a fourth-order system are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. 相似文献
9.
Charging Load Aggregation Potential of Multiple Electric Vehicles Based on Road Traffic Census Data 下载免费PDF全文
High penetration of renewable generation systems will lead to supply–demand imbalances, and will also require output curtailment of renewable power plants. We focused on management of electric vehicle fleet charging which can promote charging during specific time zone for reducing this curtailment. In this study, we evaluated the Charging Promoting Potential (CPP) of passenger electric vehicles (EVs) using optimization model based on the mixed‐integer linear programming. In addition, we also evaluated the CPP of other EVs, such as electric buses and electric trucks. We found that wider zone of the charging promoting time led effective concentration of charging load. Furthermore, we found that the CPP of the electric buses is higher than those of the passenger EVs and electric trucks. 相似文献
10.