Interaction of bacteriophage R17 and reovirus type III with the clay mineral allophane

A study has been made of the adsorption of bacteriophage R17 and reovirus type 3 by the amorphous aluminosilicate clay mineral allophane. In agreement with previous studies of virus adsorption to other minerals such as montmorillonite and aluminium hydroxide, the principal factors influencing adsorption were found to be mixing time, pH and the concentrations and isoelectric points of both the virus and the absorbent. However, allophane was found to be a much better adsorbent for reovirus and R17 over the pH range 5–7, the natural pH range of many fresh waters.By using highly purified radioactive reovirus it was possible to follow both the distribution of radioactive virus in a clay suspension and the specific infectivity of the virus. This study revealed that when adsorbed virus was eluted by neutral phosphate solutions it retained its physical integrity but was of a lower specific infectivity.     

Experiences of Trauma and DNA Methylation Profiles among African American Mothers and Children

Potentially traumatic experiences have been associated with chronic diseases. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation (DNAm), have been proposed as an explanation for this association. We examined the association of experiences of trauma with epigenome-wide DNAm among African American mothers (n = 236) and their children aged 3–5 years (n = 232; N = 500), using the Life Events Checklist-5 (LEC) and Traumatic Events Screening Inventory—Parent Report Revised (TESI-PRR). We identified no DNAm sites significantly associated with potentially traumatic experience scores in mothers. One CpG site on the ENOX1 gene was methylome-wide-significant in children (FDR-corrected q-value = 0.05) from the TESI-PRR. This protein-coding gene is associated with mental illness, including unipolar depression, bipolar, and schizophrenia. Future research should further examine the associations between childhood trauma, DNAm, and health outcomes among this understudied and high-risk group. Findings from such longitudinal research may inform clinical and translational approaches to prevent adverse health outcomes associated with epigenetic changes.     

由铬皮边脚料制明胶

商业制革厂得到的铬皮边料用两步法进行消化。 第一步：边皮料、水、表面活性剂和氧化镁一起,在一个鞣革转鼓中转动6h,转鼓温度控制在72℃,随后将反应混合物在温热情况下通过一个普通的压滤机进行过滤,目的是为了使可胶化的蛋白质（gelable protein）滤液与铬泥渣（Chrome sludge）分开。     

SERVICE FACTORS GOVERNING THE SLAGGING OF BOILERFURNACE REFRACTORIES1

Service factors, dependent on the type of coal burned and the method of burning, that are considered to govern slag erosion directly are: refractories temperatures, furnace gas temperatures, furnace gas compositions, furnace gas velocities, slag composition, and slag quantities. Values determined for part or all of these factors under each of the following sets of conditions are presented and their significance is discussed: eastern bituminous coals on underfeed stokers, powdered eastern bituminous coals in furnaces with extended radiant-heat absorbing surface, high-sulphur Pittsburgh coal on underfeed stokers, low-sulphur Pittsburgh coal on underfeed stokers, high-sulphur Pittsburgh coal on chain-grate stokers, Illinois coal on chain-grate stokers, and powdered Illinois coal.     

An electrochemical investigation of fretting corrosion of a number of pure metals in 0·5M sodium chloride

An electrochemical study based on free potential measurements and supplemented by the method of transient linear polarization has been used to study the effect of fretting on the metals Zn, Al, Ag, Ta, Cu, Cr and Ni in 0·5M NaCl. The base metals Al, Cr and Ta indicate substantial negative falls in free potential on fretting whilst the remaining metals show little or no measurable change. The observations strongly suggest that it is the disruption of oxide films and their rapid reformation which is the important factor in the electrochemical fretting situation rather than any solution vibration effect or increased activation caused by metal deformation.     

The determination of cloud pattern motions from geosynchronous satellite image data

Cloud motion can be determined from sequential pictures obtained from the geosynchronous Applications Technology Satellites, ATS-I and ATS-III. Experiments have been conducted using two automated techniques for computing the cloud motions over the time interval between two digitized pictures. One technique is a direct application of cross-correlation using the fast Fourier Transform (fFT). In the other, a relatively simple matching technique is used in the computer to recognize binary images of cloud fields on each member of a picture pair. Results obtained from the two techniques are similar. The computed directions are in good agreement with those determined by manual methods with indications that computed speeds are more accurately resolved than those determined manually.