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We demonstrate that alkali-halide salts, particularly potassium bromide, can reduce the photothermal emission (PTE) from single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT). PTE is a prominent spectral feature in Raman spectroscopy when a near infrared laser is used to analyze a dark colored sample. We subsequently show that trapping salts inside SWNT and coating SWNT with the salt has a more pronounced impact on not only reducing PTE, but also enhancing the intensity of the Raman spectral features. The effect, which we have called nanotube enhanced Raman spectroscopy (NERS), has differences and similarities to the widely studied surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). 相似文献
3.
Jarvis Tyler Clough Jordan Cox Jane Petersen Konnor Sailsbery Mitchell Robertson Connor Moncur Tyler Palmer Katie Lund Darren 《Water Resources Management》2021,35(2):745-756
Water Resources Management - A traditional cost-benefit analysis of potential water interventions in a given locality is a laborious and time-intensive process. To help decision makers identify... 相似文献
4.
Trevor Bench-Capon Katie Atkinson Peter McBurney 《Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems》2012,25(1):183-208
In this paper we demonstrate how a qualitative framework for decision making can be used to model scenarios from experimental
economic studies and we show how our approach explains the results that have been reported from such studies. Our framework
is an argumentation-based one in which the social values promoted or demoted by alternative action options are explicitly
represented. Our particular representation is used to model the Dictator Game and the Ultimatum Game, which are simple interactions
in which it must be decided how a sum of money will be divided between the players in the games. Studies have been conducted
into how humans act in such games and the results are not explained by a decision-model that assumes that the participants
are purely self-interested utility-maximisers. Some studies further suggest that differences in choices made in different
cultures may reflect their day to day behaviour, which can in turn be related to the values of the subjects, and how they
order their values. In this paper we show how these interactions can be modelled in agent systems in a framework that makes
explicit the reasons for the agents’ choices based upon their social values. Our framework is intended for use in situations
where agents are required to be adaptable, for example, where agents may prefer different outcome states in transactions involving
different types of counter-parties. 相似文献
5.
Amirah Mohammad-Sidik Jian Sun Ryoung Shin Zhizhong Song Youzheng Ning Elsa Matthus Katie A. Wilkins Julia M. Davies 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(2)
Extracellular ATP (eATP) has long been established in animals as an important signalling molecule but this is less understood in plants. The identification of Arabidopsis thaliana DORN1 (Does Not Respond to Nucleotides) as the first plant eATP receptor has shown that it is fundamental to the elevation of cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) as a possible second messenger. eATP causes other downstream responses such as increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide, plus changes in gene expression. The plasma membrane Ca2+ influx channels involved in eATP-induced [Ca2+]cyt increase remain unknown at the genetic level. Arabidopsis thaliana Annexin 1 has been found to mediate ROS-activated Ca2+ influx in root epidermis, consistent with its operating as a transport pathway. In this study, the loss of function Annexin 1 mutant was found to have impaired [Ca2+]cyt elevation in roots in response to eATP or eADP. Additionally, this annexin was implicated in modulating eATP-induced intracellular ROS accumulation in roots as well as expression of eATP-responsive genes. 相似文献
6.
Clara Mata Ellen K. Longmire David H. McKenna Katie K. Glass Allison Hubel 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2008,5(4):529-540
A recently proposed application of microfluidics is the post-thaw processing of biological cells. Numerical simulations suggest
that diffusion-based extraction of the cryoprotective agent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) from blood cells is viable and more
efficient than centrifugation, the conventional method of DMSO removal. In order to validate the theoretical model used in
these simulations, a prototype was built and the flow of two parallel streams, a suspension of Jurkat cells containing DMSO
and a wash stream that contained neither cells nor DMSO, was characterized experimentally. DMSO transport in a rectangular
channel (depth 500 μm, width 25 mm and overall length 125 mm) was studied as a function of three dimensionless parameters:
depth ratio of the streams, cell volume fraction in the cell solution, and the Peclet number (Pe) based on channel depth, average flow rate and the diffusion coefficient for DMSO in water. In our studies, values of Pe ranged from O(103) to O(104). Laminar flow was ensured by keeping the Reynolds number between O(1) and O(10). Experimental results based on visual and
quantitative data demonstrate conclusively that a microfluidic device can effectively remove DMSO from liquid and cell laden
streams without compromising cell recovery. Also, flow conditions in the microfluidic device appear to have no adverse effect
on cell viability at the outlet. Further, the results demonstrate that we can predict the amount of DMSO removed from a given
device with the theoretical model mentioned previously. 相似文献
7.
Yourong Feng Qi Chen Sien Yee Lau Bridget W. Tsai Katie Groom Carolyn J. Barrett Lawrence W. Chamley 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(21)
Placental extracellular vesicles (EVs) have increasingly been recognized as a major mediator of feto-maternal communication. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the uptake of placental EVs by recipient cells are still not well-understood. We previously reported that placental EVs target a limited number of organs in vivo. In the current study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the uptake of placental EVs into target cells. Placental EVs were derived from explant cultures of normal or preeclamptic placentae. The mechanisms underlying the uptake of placental EVs were elucidated, using the phagocytosis or endocytosis inhibitor, trypsin-treatment or integrin-blocking peptides. The endothelial cell activation was studied using the monocyte adhesion assay after the preeclamptic EVs exposure, with and/or without treatment with the integrin blocking peptide, YIGSR. The cellular mechanism of the uptake of the placental EVs was time, concentration and energy-dependent and both the phagocytosis and endocytosis were involved in this process. Additionally, proteins on the surface of the placental EVs, including integrins, were involved in the EV uptake process. Furthermore, inhibiting the uptake of preeclamptic EVs with YIGSR, reduced the endothelial cell activation. The interaction between the placental EVs and the recipient cells is mediated by integrins, and the cellular uptake is mediated by a combination of both phagocytosis and endocytosis. 相似文献
8.
Shaun C. Lee Karina K. C. Leung Audrey C. Y. Chung Elysia S. Y. Wong Katie L. Meehan Jason Y. K. Chan 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(22)
Biomarkers are crucial in oncology, from detection and monitoring to guiding management and predicting treatment outcomes. Histological assessment of tissue biopsies is currently the gold standard for oropharyngeal cancers, but is technically demanding, invasive, and expensive. This systematic review aims to review current markers that are detectable in biofluids, which offer promising non-invasive alternatives in oropharyngeal carcinomas (OPCs). A total of 174 clinical trials from the PubMed search engine in the last 5 years were identified and screened by 4 independent reviewers. From these, 38 eligible clinical trials were found and subsequently reviewed. The biomarkers involved, categorized by human papillomavirus (HPV)-status, were further divided according to molecular and cellular levels. Recent trials investigating biomarkers for both HPV-positive and HPV-negative OPCs have approaches from various levels and different biofluids including plasma, oropharyngeal swabs, and oral rinse. Promising candidates have been found to aid in detection, staging, and predicting prognosis, in addition to well-established factors including HPV-status, drinking and smoking status. These studies also emphasize the possibility of enhancing prediction results and increasing statistical significance by multivariate analyses. Liquid biopsies offer promising assistance in enhancing personalized medicine for cancer treatment, from lowering barriers towards early screening, to facilitating de-escalation of treatment. However, further research is needed, and the combination of liquid biopsies with pre-existing methods, including in vivo imaging and invasive techniques such as neck dissections, could also be explored in future trials. 相似文献
9.
10.
Katie L. J. Cederberg Umaer Hanif Vicente Peris Sempere Julien Hdou Eileen B. Leary Logan D. Schneider Ling Lin Jing Zhang Anne M. Morse Adam Blackman Paula K. Schweitzer Suresh Kotagal Richard Bogan Clete A. Kushida Yo-El S. Ju Nayia Petousi Chris D. Turnbull Emmanuel Mignot The STAGES Cohort Investigator Group 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(14)
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a disease associated with excessive sleepiness and increased cardiovascular risk, affects an estimated 1 billion people worldwide. The present study examined proteomic biomarkers indicative of presence, severity, and treatment response in OSA. Participants (n = 1391) of the Stanford Technology Analytics and Genomics in Sleep study had blood collected and completed an overnight polysomnography for scoring the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI). A highly multiplexed aptamer-based array (SomaScan) was used to quantify 5000 proteins in all plasma samples. Two separate intervention-based cohorts with sleep apnea (n = 41) provided samples pre- and post-continuous/positive airway pressure (CPAP/PAP). Multivariate analyses identified 84 proteins (47 positively, 37 negatively) associated with AHI after correction for multiple testing. Of the top 15 features from a machine learning classifier for AHI ≥ 15 vs. AHI < 15 (Area Under the Curve (AUC) = 0.74), 8 were significant markers of both AHI and OSA from multivariate analyses. Exploration of pre- and post-intervention analysis identified 5 of the 84 proteins to be significantly decreased following CPAP/PAP treatment, with pathways involving endothelial function, blood coagulation, and inflammatory response. The present study identified PAI-1, tPA, and sE-Selectin as key biomarkers and suggests that endothelial dysfunction and increased coagulopathy are important consequences of OSA, which may explain the association with cardiovascular disease and stroke. 相似文献