Physical and Mathematical Modeling of Inert Gas-Shrouded Ladle Nozzles and Their Role on Slag Behavior and Fluid Flow Patterns in a Delta-Shaped, Four-Strand Tundish

Inert gas shrouding practices were simulated using a full-scale, four-strand water model of a 12-tone, delta-shaped tundish. Compressed air was aspirated into the ladle shroud to model volumetric flow rates that range between 2 and 10 pct of steel entry flows. Bubble trajectories, slag layer movements, and flow fields, were visualized. Flow fields were visualized using particle image velocimetry (PIV). A numerical model also was developed using discrete phase modeling (DPM) along with the standard k-ε turbulence model with two-way turbulence coupling. Predicted flow fields and bubble trajectories corresponded with the water model experiments.     

Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow in a Gas-Stirred Ladle Using a Particle-Free Surface Coupled Model

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - A particle-free surface coupled (PFC) model was developed using the Eulerian–Eulerian approach to predict fluid flow behavior in a gas-stirred...     

Mathematical Modeling of Decarburization in Levitated Fe-Cr-C Droplets

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - Using carbon dioxide to replace oxygen as an alternative oxidant gas has proven to be a viable solution in the decarburization process, with potential...     

Investigation of Eccentric Open Eye Formation in a Slab Caster Tundish

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - Inert gas shrouding in tundish can result in the formation of a tundish open eye (TOE) due to the presence of reversed flows on the upper surface of the...     

Physical and Mathematical Modeling of Flow Structures of Liquid Steel in Ladle Stirring Operations

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - Flow structures of liquid steel during stirring operations with argon injection in a ladle are studied using physical and mathematical models. Emphasis...