Induction of mosaic sex-linked recessive lethals in the different germ cell stages of Drosophila melanogaster by bleomycin

The dead-end filtration characteristics of the dimorphic yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus (formerly fragilis) NRRLy2415 were investigated for a range of mean cell morphologies, ranging from predominantly yeast-like to predominantly filamentous. Semiautomated image analysis was used to measure the mean cell specific surface area, Sv, and the mean ratio of cell length to equivalent cylindrical diameter, Ldm, in each broth. The method of Ju and Ho (Biotechnol. Bioeng. 1988, 32, 95-99) was used to show that for broths with Ldm values between 1.72 and 10.03, the voidage of cell pellets formed by centrifugation increased with increasing Ldm. In the pressure range 30-180 kPa, the specific filter cake resistance, alpha, was found to be related to pressure, DeltaP, through the equation alpha = alpha0(1 + kcDeltaP). The dependence of alpha0/Sv2 on Ldm was found to be qualitatively consistent with the pellet voidage data and the Carman-Kozeny equation. Considerably better agreement with the experimental data was obtained when the Kozeny constant, K, was treated as variable and related to Ldm through the equation K = 4.83 + 7.08 log10 Ldm. The cake compressibility constant, kc, was found to increase with increasing Ldm, a phenomenon consistent with the wide range of voidages that can be displayed by beds of long cylinders.     

卫星通信技术的新进展

本文对国内外卫星通信的最新发展作了详尽论述;并综合概括了未来卫星通信技术的发展趋势;最后,对卫星通信市场进行了预测。     

低轨小型卫星的发展和应用

本文介绍低轨小卫星的发展和应用前景。低轨小卫星,体积和重量小,轨道低,功能单一,智能化,制造和发射都很容易,投资费用低,受到用户的普遍欢迎,有广阔的发展和应用前景。 小卫星在近几年发展迅速,应用广泛,已经受到世界各国的重视。在许多方面,已经应用小卫星和计划中应用小卫星的例子很多,本文只作简要介绍,目的在于引起人们的重视,发展我国的小卫星事业。     

海湾战争后防空系统及雷达电子设备的新发展

本文针对海湾战争后的新形势,介绍了战略防御的新构想、战术防空导弹系统及21世纪的防空概念,论述了AEW、AWACS、战场监视目标攻击雷达及其它雷达的最新发展情况,此外,还对国外的反隐身技术进展情况作了介绍。     

Manual and computer-aided space analysis: a comparative study

Separate injections of Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide-tetanus conjugate (PRP-T) vaccine and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) reconstitution of freeze-dried PRP-T vaccine with liquid DTP vaccine have been shown to be safe and immunogenic in infants. The present study was conducted to test the safety and immunogenicity of the liquid combination vaccine administered to young infants in the dual-chamber syringe. The study was a monocenter, open clinical trial of 3 month-old infants receiving PRP-T and DTP vaccines in the dual-chamber syringe reconstituted prior to injection. Healthy infants were immunized according to a 3, 4 and 5 months-of-age schedule. The vaccine was administered in a dual-chamber syringe, ready to use with two chambers. The proximal chamber contained freeze-dried PRP-T and the distal chamber contained liquid combination-vaccine DTP. The freeze-dried PRP-T vaccine was reconstituted with the liquid DTP vaccine in the same unidose dual-chamber syringe (0.5 mL) and was injected intramuscularly into the deltoid region. Blood sampling was performed prior to vaccination at 3 months of age and after the third vaccination at 6 months. The primary end-point was the serological response to PRP-T vaccine as expressed by the percentage of infants with an antibody titer greater than or equal to 1 microgram/mL. The reactogenicity was expressed as the percentage of reported local and systemic reactions. A total of 108 infants were included in the study and received the dual-chamber syringe vaccine. After the third injection, all the infants had a PRP antibody titer greater than or equal to 0.15 microgram/mL and 94.4% of infants had a PRP antibody titer greater than or equal to 1 microgram/mL; the pertussis agglutinin titers were over the threshold 40 and 80 in all infants and 98.1% were over the threshold 320. After the third injection, all the infants had diphtheria antibody titers greater than 0.1 IU/mL and 83.3% had titers greater than 1 IU/mL; all the infants had tetanus antibody titers greater than 0.1 IU/mL and 97.2% had results over 1 IU/mL. Thirty-seven infants (34.6%) had local reactions and 64.5% had systemic reactions. The dual-chamber syringe may reduce the cost of vaccine delivery, as well as the workload, and increase the vaccine acceptability and coverage rate of vaccines.     

Glomerular tip lesions--a newly described glomerular change

Glomerular tip lesion is a newly described histopathological lesion characterized by a focal and segmental widening of the mesangial matrix without hypercellularity together with capillary dilatation, hyaline exudation on the inside of capillary walls and occurrence of vacuolized cells, localized to the peripheral segments of the glomerular tuft. Clinically, these patients have a pronounced nephrotic syndrome with slightly reduced renal function, but terminal renal failure is seldom seen, even after many years of disorder. Two characteristic case histories are presented. The classification of this lesion among the glomerular disorders is at present uncertain. It may represent a transitional form between minor lesion nephritis and focal segmental sclerosis, a separate disorder, or a functional lesion associated with high proteinuria.     

Quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence by quinones

Obese (Lepr(fa)/Lepr(fa)) Zucker rats have a missense mutation in the leptin receptor gene. One amino acid substitution in the extracellular domain common to all known leptin receptor proteins results from this mutation. Obese Zucker rats are unable to respond behaviorally to leptin which is peripherally administered. However, conflicting reports exist on whether obese Zucker rats can respond to centrally administered leptin. The purpose of this study was to determine whether obese Zucker rats responded behaviorally and metabolically to intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered leptin and to compare the responses of lean and obese Zucker rats. We found that both lean and obese Zucker rats had similar body weight and food intake responses when administered a single i.c.v. leptin injection in a range of doses (1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 microg), as well as daily i.c.v. administered leptin for five consecutive days. Both single and daily leptin administration also decreased respiratory quotient (RQ) similarly in lean and obese Zucker rats, indicating mobilization of fat as an energy source for leptin-treated rats. After withdrawal of daily leptin treatment, lean and obese Zucker rats exhibited different recovery responses. It is concluded that obese Zucker rats can respond to exogenous leptin when leptin is delivered into the brain ventricles.     

Absence of tolerance to the aversive stimulus properties of ethanol following oral ethanol self-administration

Aluminum has been reported to inhibit long-term potentiation (LTP) following in vivo administration and decrease glutamate release following in vitro exposure. Because glutamate release is critical for synaptic transmission and the development and maintenance of LTP in the hippocampus, we examined the effects of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) on depolarization-induced glutamate release and LTP in rat hippocampal slices. The effects of AlCl3 on [14C]glutamate release were examined by incubation of slices in depolarizing (56 mM)K+ buffer solution in the absence or presence of 2 mM CaCl2. After 15 min depolarization, AlCl3 (100-1000 microM) did not significantly affect Ca(2+)-dependent [14C]glutamate release from slices, whereas a known Ca2+ channel blocker (100 microM CdCl2) decreased Ca(2+)-dependent [14C]glutamate release by approximately 50%. In contrast to a previous report, acute exposure to AlCl3 was without effect on depolarization-dependent glutamate release. LTP of the population spike (PS) in CA1 of hippocampus was induced by the delivery of stimulus trains to the stratum radiatum. LTP of the PS was observed in both control slices and slices bathed in solution containing 100 microM AlCl3. Neither the magnitude nor longevity (measured up to 1 h posttrain) of LTP distinguished control from aluminum-exposed slices. The lack of sensitivity in rat to the encephalopathic changes induced by aluminum, or methodological differences in exposure conditions may account for the lack of effect of aluminum on in vitro LTP in rat hippocampus.     

方兴未艾的智能网技术

智能网(IN)的概念于1984年一被提出,便在世界范围内迅速掀起了IN研究的热潮,虽然至今已有十个年头,但仍可以说,IN技术的发展才刚刚起步。本文就是基于当前国际上对IN的研究,来介绍智能网的基本概念和结构,进而阐述其设计思想及主要特征,并对IN的未来发展趋势进行了探讨,最后为我国发展IN技术提出了可行建议。     

低荧光阳离子防塌剂WFT─666的合成与性能

ＷＦＴ－６６６是由磺甲基腐殖酸钾、有机硅聚合物、低分子阳离子有机化合物、苯酚、甲醛缩聚而成的一种新型阳离子低荧光防塌剂。本文介绍了ＷＦＴ－６６６的合成及室内性能评定结果。ＷＦＴ－６６６可抗盐至饱和盐水，抗钙和镁，耐２００℃高温，荧光显示低。用该剂处理的钻井液性能稳定，流变参数合理，页岩回收率高，页岩相对膨胀率低，页岩稳定指数高，与其它处理剂的配伍性好。