Understanding source effects in ADHD rating scales: Reply to DuPaul (2003).

G. J. DuPaul (see record 2003-02033-012) offered two suggestions for additional research to understand the strong source effects reported by R. Gomez, G. L Burns, J. A. Walsh, and M. A. de Moura (see record 2003-02033-001) in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rating scales. The first suggestion was to determine whether the source effects represent mostly bias or accuracy. The second suggestion was to minimize source effects through the development of better ADHD rating scales. Because source effects can represent bias or accuracy, it is important to minimize the bias aspect through content validation procedures prior to attempts to determine whether source effects better reflect bias or accuracy. This comment offers various suggestions to reduce the bias in ADHD rating scales. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Visually Perceived Distance Judgments: Tablet-Based Augmented Reality Versus the Real World

Does visually perceived distance differ when objects are viewed in augmented reality (AR), as opposed to the real world? What are the differences? These questions are theoretically interesting, and the answers are important for the development of many tablet- and phone-based AR applications, including mobile AR navigation systems. This article presents a thorough literature review of distance judgment experimental protocols, and results from several areas of perceptual psychology. In addition to distance judgments of real and virtual objects, this section also discusses previous work in measuring the geometry of virtual picture space and considers how this work might be relevant to tablet AR. Then, the article presents the results of two experiments. In each experiment, observers bisected egocentric distances of 15 and 30 m in tablet-based AR and in the real world, in both indoor corridor and outdoor field environments. In AR, observers bisected the distances to virtual humans, while in the real world, they bisected the distances to real humans. This is the first reported research that directly compares distance judgments of real and virtual objects in a tablet AR system. Four key findings were: (1) In AR, observers expanded midpoint intervals at 15 m, but compressed midpoints at 30 m. (2) Observers were accurate in the real world. (3) The environmental setting—corridor or open field—had no effect. (4) The picture perception literature is important in understanding how distances are likely judged in tablet-based AR. Taken together, these findings suggest the depth distortions that AR application developers should expect with mobile and especially tablet-based AR.     

The Capital Cities

The labour market is perhaps the best place to observe the impact of a national recession. There the flow on from falls in national demand can be seen directly in increased unemployment and falling numbers of jobs.     

Overview of the regional collaboratives

Responding to demands that nursing leaders conduct business in creative, proactive ways, the authors of this department share the work of The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's national program. Colleagues in Caring: Regional Collaboratives for Nursing Work Force Development. The purpose of this initiative is to enhance regional and state collaborative planning and implement actions and policies to address the rapid changes occurring in the United States nursing labor market. This department presents the ongoing work of the program, highlighting the work of the 20 individual collaboratives. Regional approaches to the expected program outcomes and specific challenges and opportunities that are unique to each region's environment are included. The Colleagues in Caring program is administered by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing. Current information on the initiative can be found at http:/(/)www.aacn.nche.edu under Special Projects. The staff at the National Program Office can be reached at 202/496-1095 (fax: 202/496-1093).     

A novel cell-based assay for the evaluation of anti-ras compounds

In order to identify drugs active against mutated ras oncogenes we have developed an in vitro assay employing two clones of the human fibrosarcoma cell-line, HT1080 which carries an N-ras gene mutated at codon 61. Clone, HT1080scc2, retains the transformed phenotype of the parental line, whilst the other, HT1081c, is a morphologically flat, non-tumourigenic, revertant with under-representation of the chromosome carrying the transforming N-ras allele. The clear implication of mutant ras in maintaining the transformed nature of HT1080scc2 was confirmed when these cells were microinjected with the pan ras neutralising antibody Y13-259, which resulted in the morphological detransformation of these cells to a phenotype resembling that of the HT10801c clone. A number of known anti-cancer drugs with modes of action unrelated to ras function were found to be equipotent against both clones. However, when compounds chosen on the grounds of their potential selective cytotoxic or differentiating activity were tested some interesting results were obtained. Thus 8-bromo cAMP affected some morphological detransformation of HT1080scc2 cells and reduced their colony forming potential. The IMP-dehydrogenase inhibitors, tiazafurin and mycophenolic acid also flattened the morphology of the transformed clone. Fumagillin, an antibiotic reported to exhibit selective activity against ras transformed cells showed very marked and selective cytostatic effects against HT1080scc2 cells with IC50 values as low as 1 x 10(-11) M.     

Multitrait-multisource confirmatory factor analytic approach to the construct validity of ADHD rating scales.

Confirmatory factor analysis was used to model a multitrait-multisource design to evaluate the construct validity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rating scales. The 2 trait factors were the ADHD inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity dimensions. The 2 source factors were parents and teachers. In Study 1, parents and teachers rated 1,475 Australian elementary school children on the ADHD symptoms. In Study 2, parents and teachers rated 285 Brazilian elementary school children on the ADHD symptoms. Similar results occurred in both studies with most of the ADHD symptoms containing more source than trait variance, thus providing weak evidence for the convergent and discriminant validity of the symptoms as measured by rating scales. The study outlines the implications of such strong source effects for understanding ADHD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Goals of Professional Training

Abstract

Skins &; Screens, the graduate-level elective studio offered at the University of Pennsylvania, posits the building surface as a dynamic condition, simultaneously real and illusory, opaque and evanescent. Termed sheer opacity, this quality of enclosure provides an investigative focus for the consideration of surface as a dynamic perceptual field, a site for the mediation of physical and perceptual phenomena. Close analysis of selected work of the West Coast art movement Light and Space and that of contemporary installation artists inspired projects that used sheer opacity to examine the possibility of transforming space through the design of the building surface. Projects were developed through a series of “layers” in which students made installations, material constructs, digital simulations, and large-scale detail studies of their proposals.     

Flow on the Internet: a longitudinal study of Internet addiction symptoms during adolescence

Internet Addiction (IA) constitutes an excessive Internet use behavior with a significant impact on the user’s well-being. Online flow describes the users’ level of being absorbed by their online activity. The present study investigated age-related, gender, and flow effects on IA in adolescence. The sample comprised 648 adolescents who were assessed twice at age 16 and 18 years. IA was assessed using the Internet Addiction Test and online flow was assessed using the Online Flow Questionnaire. A three-level hierarchical model estimated age-related, gender, and online flow effects on IA symptoms and controlled for clustered random effects. IA symptoms decreased over time (for both genders) with a slower rate in males. Online flow was associated with IA symptoms and this remained consistent over time. Findings expand upon the available literature suggesting that IA symptoms could function as a development-related manifestation at the age of 16 years, while IA-related gender differences gradually increase between 16 and 18 years. Finally, the association between online flow and IA symptoms remained stable independent of age-related effects. The study highlights individual differences and provides directions for more targeted prevention and intervention initiatives for IA.