Thermal solution of Kashpir shale in pressurized benzene under supercritical conditions

The results of the thermal solution of oil shale in benzene in a flow unit under supercritical conditions are reported. It was found that the conversion of shale organic matter into liquid products increased by a factor of 2.5 with an increase in the solvent pressure from 5 to 15 MPa.     

Cobalt-cement catalysts for the synthesis of motor fuel components from synthesis gas obtained from oil shale

Highly effective cobalt-cement catalysts for the synthesis of aliphatic hydrocarbons from CO and H₂, which are formed upon the thermolysis or gasification of oil shale or coals, are considered. The formation of the catalysts was studied.     

Environmental problems of oil shale processing industry

Main environmental problems of the full oil shale processing cycle including mining, heat treatment, and direct combustion of oil shale in power plants are considered. Possible lines of utilization of both the mineral matter remaining after shale preparation and ash residues after shale processing are elucidated.     

Design equations for the yields of oil upon the semikoking of oil shale

The yields of oil upon the semikoking of 21 oil shales from 21 different sources depending on their chemical composition and heats of combustions were considered. The simulation of these dependences made it possible to obtain calculation formulas with the very high statistical characteristics. These formulas allowed us to predict the yields of oil upon the semikoking of oil shale with adequate accuracy and reliability for shales that were not investigated experimentally based on only their chemical composition.     

The influence of aluminum on the nickel and chromium diffusion into copper during the deposition and thermal treatment of gas-thermal coatings

The method of electron probe microanalysis is applied to analyze the distribution of elements over the diffusion layer obtained by the deposition on copper of gas-thermal coatings involving Al, Ni, Cr, Fe and subsequent thermal treatment. It is established that the penetration depth and concentration of the coating elements reach their maximal values in the case of the presence of an aluminum sublayer.     

Catalysts in the conversion of coal and shale into synthetic hydrocarbons

The preparation and use of Co catalysts for the synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO and H₂ mixtures—coal and oil shale gasification products—were considered. Problems related to increasing the activity and selectivity of the catalytic test systems were reported.     

Features of Nonmetallic Inclusion Formation and Evolution During Ladle Treatment and Continuous Casting of Special Alloy Steels

Metallurgist - Features of nonmetallic inclusion formation and evolution in special alloy steels during ladle treatment and continuous casting are studied for special alloy steel 40Kh. The main...     

Modeling the octane numbers of alkenes by the inverse function method

On the basis of the octane-number topological equivalents (TEs) constructed earlier by the inverse function method, related to the octane numbers by a biunique function, and linearly dependent on the number of carbon atoms n for n-alkanes, the octane numbers of alkenes have been simulated with the use of optimal topological indices. The models obtained suggest the maximum attainable (within linear QSPR approaches) accuracy of calculation, which exceeds by a few orders of magnitude that of previously known procedures. The octane numbers are predicted for 68 alkenes that have not been characterized experimentally.     

Trace elements in black and oil shales

Data on the abundance of trace elements in oil and black shales, as well as and the average concentrations of trace elements in these caustobioliths, are considered. In general, oil shales are enriched in Li, Be, B, Rb, Ta, and Se and depleted in Mo, Re, Ag, Au, V, Th, Cu, Hg (and, perhaps, W, As, and U) relative to black shales. Tentative values of minimal concentrations of trace elements oil shales are presented that make the integrated processing of shale organic matter economically viable to obtain by-product concentrates of valuable trace elements useful as feedstock for their recovery.