Ahch, the mouse homologue of DAX1: cloning, characterization and synteny with GyK, the glycerol kinase locus

We cloned the murine full-length cDNA encoding Ahch, the mouse homologue of DAX1 (DSS-AHC Region on Human X Chromosome, Gene1) which is the gene responsible for human X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH). Sequence analysis revealed that the murine and human cDNAs have 65% aa identity and 75% aa similarity overall. The cysteine residues in the putative DNA binding domain, which may interact with Zn2+ ions to form zinc fingers, are 100% conserved between the two species, indicating that the novel zinc-finger structures in DAX1 may be functional. In addition, mouse interspecific backcrosses show that the Ahch gene is closely linked to the glycerol kinase locus, GyK, on the mouse X chromosome, indicating that the order of the loci is conserved in this syntenic region between mouse and human.     

Synthesis and comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) of antitumor 3-arylisoquinoline derivatives

In this study a series of 3-arylisoquinoline derivatives were synthesized and cytotoxicity against human melanoma tumor cell evaluated, and a three dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship was investigated using the comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). The results suggested that the electrostatic, steric and hydrophobic factors of 3-arylisoquinolines were strongly correlated with the antitumor activity. Considerable predictive ability (cross-validated r2 as high as 0.721) was obtained through CoMFA.     

Internal pancreatic fistulas: pancreatic ascites and pleural effusions

Thirty-four patients seen over a 10-year period with internal pancreatic fistulas are reported. In 22 patients the fistula was into the peritoneal cavity and they presented with pancreatic ascits. In 7 patients the fistula tracked up through the mediastinum into a pleural cavity, and they presented with pancreatic pleural effusions. Five patients presented with both pancreatic ascites and pancreatic pleural effusions. Diagnosis was made by finding a markedly elevated amylase and protein content in the ascitic and pleural fluids. Serum amylase was usually, but not always, elevated. Over one half of the patients had no history of inflammatory pancreatic disease. Initial treatment was non-operative using nasogastric suction, diamox, atropine, and multiple paracenteses or thoracenteses. This was successful in 48% (12/25). If non-operative therapy failed, surgery was performed to drain or resect the internal fistula. Surgery was successful in 82% (14/17). The internal pancreatic fistula was successfully demontrated in most instances by preoperative, operative, or postmortem pancreatography, or by gross observation at the time of surgery.     

Effect of high amounts of dietary zinc and age upon tissue zinc in young chicks

Weight gains of younger broiler chicks were not reduced by up to 2400 p.p.m. added zinc fed to four weeks of age. Tissue zinc was not changed significantly by 600 or 1200 p.p.m. supplemental dietary zinc, but at 2400 p.p.m. added zinc, blood, kidney, and liver zinc were significantly elevated (P less than 0.05). In the heart, zinc was not affected by the added dietary zinc but increased over time with all diets. Unlike the calf and weanling pig, the metabolism of zinc in the young chick does not appear to change appreciably with increasing maturity. Thus, the homeostatic control mechanisms of the young chick are effective for up to 1200 p.p.m. dietary zinc, but are partially overcome by 2400 p.p.m. added dietary zinc.     

Acetylcholine hot spots: development on myotubes cultured from aneural limb buds

The hypothesis that neural induction plays a role in the development of acetylcholine hot spots (high-sensitivity regions) was tested by electrophysiological mapping of the distribution of acetylcholine sensitivity of myotubes derived from aneural hindlimb buds of chick embryos. Hot spots were found. Therefore, hot spot development is not dependent on prior contact with nerve processes.     

Derepressed alloantigen in transplacentally induced lung tumor coded for by H-2 linked gene

A transplacentally induced lung tumor of strain C3Hf mice grows progressively when transplanted to (C3Hf X A)F1 hybrid mice but not when transplanted to C3Hf recipients. Progressive tumor growth occurs in [(C3Hf X A)F1 X C3Hf] backcross mice inheriting the H-2a haplotype from the F1 parent. Furthermore, radioresistant immunity to the lung tumor can be induced in C3Hf mice by immunization with normal tissue of B10.A and B10.A(2R) but not of B10 or B10.A(5R) strain mice.     

Energetics of triosephosphate isomerase: deuterium isotope effects in the enzyme-catalyzed reaction

The effect of isotopic substitution of the specifically labilized hydrogen in the substrates of triosephosphate isomerase on the steady-state rates of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction has been examined. The k cat value for the enzyme-catalyzed transformation of [1(R)-2H] dihydroxyacetone phosphate is 2.9 times smaller than that for the 1(R)-1H compound. Because of the rapid loss of 2H to solvent from the enzyme-enediol complex, this factor represents the full kinetic isotope effect of the proton abstraction step. The values of k cat and of Km for D-[2-2H]glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate are indistinguishable from those of the 2-1H material. This arises from the rapid loss of 2H from the enzyme-enediol intermediate, which results in 1H rather than 2H transfer in the rate-limiting step. The steady-state kinetic results reported in this paper qualitatively confirm and quantitatively extend the results from the previous papers on the variation of the free energy along the reaction path.