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排序方式: 共有289条查询结果,搜索用时 796 毫秒
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SA Syed KS Zahir JR Zink O Saglaam RJ Restifo JG Thomson 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,38(4):396-403
Reinstatement and spontaneous recovery of previously extinguished nicotine-taking behavior were examined in rats. Male subjects were trained to self-administer nicotine (30 microg/kg per infusion, IV; one 60-min session per day for 3 weeks). Extinction sessions were then given for 5-10 days during which saline was substituted for nicotine. Subsequently, in the first set of tests for nicotine seeking, the reinstatement of lever presses that previously delivered nicotine was examined after priming injections of saline and nicotine (75, 150 and 300 microg/kg, SC; and 30 and 60 microg/kg, IV). In the second set of tests for nicotine-seeking, rats were tested after an additional 21-day drug-free period during which they were not exposed to the self-administration chambers (a test for the spontaneous recovery of drug seeking), and after priming injections of nicotine (150 and 300 microg/kg, SC). Reinstatement of extinguished food-reinforced behavior after exposure to nicotine was also determined. Priming injections of nicotine reinstated nicotine seeking regardless of the route of administration. In addition, previously extinguished nicotine seeking recovered spontaneously after a 21-day period during which rats were not exposed to the drug-taking environment. Nicotine also reinstated extinguished food-reinforced behavior in rats with a history of nicotine self-administration, but not in drug-naive rats. The present results extend previous work with opioid and stimulant drugs on reinstatement of drug seeking by the self-administered drug. It also appears that, as with other positive reinforcers, the mere passage of time is a sufficient condition for the spontaneous recovery of extinguished nicotine seeking. 相似文献
4.
The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) locus for ethylene-propylene copolymers has been determined as a function of pressure in a variety of single and multicomponent solvents. The lower critical end-point temperature (LCEP), which is the intersection of the LCST locus with the vapor-pressure curve, was found to be predictable from the solvent density as previously established for single-component solvents by Charlet and Delmas.1 Dissolving a low-molecular hydrocarbon gas such as propylene in an alkane has a dramatic effect on lowering the LCEP, and can reduce phase-separation temperatures to levels at which this technique becomes attractive as a practical method for polymer recovery from diluents such as those used in solution polymerizations. Temperatures considerably above the LCEP are needed to minimize the residual polymer concentration in the solvent in the two-liquid-phase region. The solvent critical temperature must be approached for essentially complete elimination of the polymer from the solvent phase. The LCST locus was found to be a linear function of pressure for all of the systems investigated, and the slope of the line, d(LCST)/dP, could be well correlated as a function of solvent density and critical temperature. From the relationship between the LCEP and solvent density and the correlation for d(LCST)/dP, the location of the LCST locus can be readily predicted from a knowledge of solvent properties. 相似文献
5.
The content and positional distribution of CLA in TAG fractions of lamb tissues was examined with either preformed CLA or
the linoleic acid precursor of CLA in the diet as experimental treatments. The CLA content of phospholipid (PL) from these
tissues was also examined. Thirteen lambs were randomized to the following dietary treatments: (i) control diet (no supplement);
(ii) CLA supplementation (0.33 g d−1 for 21 d prior to weaning) to milk-replacer of pre-ruminating lambs, or (iii) feeding linoleic acid-rich oil (6% safflower
oil on a dry matter basis) to weaned ruminating lambs. At slaughter, tissue samples were procured from diaphragm, rib muscle,
and subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissue. Safflower oil supplementation in the diet resulted in an increase in CLA content of
the TAG from diaphragm, rib muscle, and SC adipose tissue by about threefold (P<0.05) on a mol% basis. CLA was localized to the sn-1/3 positions of TAG. Animals that received pre-formed CLA, however, had increased proportions of CLA at the sn-2 position of TAG from SC adipose tissue, suggesting that there were tissue-specific dietary effects and possible age-related
effects on the mode of FA incorporation into TAG. Safflower oil supplementation in the diet had no effect on the CLA content
of PL from diaphragm, rib muscle, and SC adipose tissue, suggesting that CLA was preferentially incorporated into the TAG
of these tissues. 相似文献
6.
R.K. Irani V.K. Jayaraman B.D. Kulkarni L.K. Doraiswamy 《Chemical engineering science》1981,36(1):29-36
An analysis of zero—first and first—first order reaction schemes has been carried out in a fluidised bed with a view to optimising the production of intermediate R for a given bubble diameter. For the zero—first order reaction sequence, the gas residence time at which the maximum concentration of R occurs is shown to be fixed and independent of bubble size in the bed. On the other hand, for a first—first order reaction scheme, an optimum gas residence time exists for the concentration maximum to occur at the bed exit. This interaction between bubble diameter, gas residence time and maximum concentration of intermediate is resolved by recourse to a three dimensional diagram which optimises the production of intermediate for any given value of bubble diameter or gas residence time. 相似文献
7.
Mohammad Mizanur Rahman Md. Hasan Zahir Md. Eyasin Arafat Mohammad Abu Jafar Mazumder Rami Suleiman A. Madhan Kumar 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2021,138(9):49904
A waste material called oil fly ash (OFA) was acid-functionalized, yielding f-OFA-COOH, which was then reacted with cerium oxide (CeO2) to make CeO2-functionalized OFA, or f-OFA-CeO2. Pristine OFA and f-OFA-CeO2 were used to make waterborne polyurethane (WBPU) dispersions, referred to as WBPU/OFA and WBPU/f-OFA-CeO2, respectively, with defined OFA and f-OFA-CeO2 content. All the dispersions were applied to mild steel as organic coatings to evaluate their protective properties, such as their hydrophobicity, adhesive strength and UV-shielding resistance. These protective properties varied based on the OFA and f-OFA-CeO2 content. The highest water contact angle, minimum water swelling and maximum adhesive strength were found using WBPU/f-OFA-CeO2-20 coating (using 2.00 wt% f-OFA-CeO2), which also showed the maximum ultraviolet (UV) absorption via UV–vis spectroscopy analysis. This UV shielding result also matched field test results, as that coating was found to exhibit the lowest UV degradation near a marine atmosphere, as shown by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The least affected hydrophobicity was also recorded for the sample with the WBPU/f-OFA-CeO2-20 coating. 相似文献
8.
Vishanth Weerakkody Zahir Irani Habin Lee Nitham Hindi Ibrahim Osman 《Information Systems Management》2016,33(4):331-343
Citizens’ satisfaction is acknowledged as one of the most significant influences for e-government adoption and diffusion. This study examines the impact of information quality, system quality, trust, and cost on user satisfaction of e-government services. Using a survey, this study collected 1518 valid responses from e-government service adopters across the United Kingdom. Our empirical outcomes show the five factors identified in this study have a significant impact on U.K. citizens’ satisfaction with e-government services. 相似文献
9.
Adil Fahad Zahir Tari Ibrahim Khalil Ibrahim Habib Hussein Alnuweiri 《Computer Networks》2013,57(9):2040-2057
There is significant interest in the network management and industrial security community about the need to identify the “best” and most relevant features for network traffic in order to properly characterize user behaviour and predict future traffic. The ability to eliminate redundant features is an important Machine Learning (ML) task because it helps to identify the best features in order to improve the classification accuracy as well as to reduce the computational complexity related to the construction of the classifier. In practice, feature selection (FS) techniques can be used as a preprocessing step to eliminate irrelevant features and as a knowledge discovery tool to reveal the “best” features in many soft computing applications. In this paper, we investigate the advantages and disadvantages of such FS techniques with new proposed metrics (namely goodness, stability and similarity). We continue our efforts toward developing an integrated FS technique that is built on the key strengths of existing FS techniques. A novel way is proposed to identify efficiently and accurately the “best” features by first combining the results of some well-known FS techniques to find consistent features, and then use the proposed concept of support to select a smallest set of features and cover data optimality. The empirical study over ten high-dimensional network traffic data sets demonstrates significant gain in accuracy and improved run-time performance of a classifier compared to individual results produced by some well-known FS techniques. 相似文献
10.
Enric Menéndez Hiwa Modarresi Claire Petermann Josep Nogués Neus Domingo Haoliang Liu Brian J. Kirby Amir Syed Mohd Zahir Salhi Earl Babcock Stefan Mattauch Chris Van Haesendonck André Vantomme Kristiaan Temst 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2017,13(11)
The combination of lithography and ion implantation is demonstrated to be a suitable method to prepare lateral multilayers. A laterally, compositionally, and magnetically modulated microscale pattern consisting of alternating Co (1.6 µm wide) and Co‐CoO (2.4 µm wide) lines has been obtained by oxygen ion implantation into a lithographically masked Au‐sandwiched Co thin film. Magnetoresistance along the lines (i.e., current and applied magnetic field are parallel to the lines) reveals an effective positive giant magnetoresistance (GMR) behavior at room temperature. Conversely, anisotropic magnetoresistance and GMR contributions are distinguished at low temperature (i.e., 10 K) since the O‐implanted areas become exchange coupled. This planar GMR is principally ascribed to the spatial modulation of coercivity in a spring‐magnet‐type configuration, which results in 180° Néel extrinsic domain walls at the Co/Co‐CoO interfaces. The versatility, in terms of pattern size, morphology, and composition adjustment, of this method offers a unique route to fabricate planar systems for, among others, spintronic research and applications. 相似文献