Full-Vectorial Optical Waveguide Mode Solvers Using Multidomain Pseudospectral Frequency-Domain (PSFD) Formulations

New full-vectorial optical waveguide eigenmode solvers using pseudospectral frequency-domain (PSFD) formulations for optical waveguides with arbitrary step-index profile are presented. Both Legendre and Chebyshev collocation methods are considered in the formulation. By applying Legendre-Lagrange or Chebyshev-Lagrange interpolating polynomials to the approximation of spatial derivatives at collocation points, the Helmholtz equations for the transverse-electric or transverse-magnetic components are converted into a matrix eigenvalue equation which is then solved for the eigenmodes by the shift inverse power method. Suitable multidomain division of the computational domain is arranged to deal with general curved interfaces of the refractive-index profile together with a curvilinear mapping technique for each subdomain so that field continuity conditions can be carefully imposed across the dielectric interfaces, which is essential in achieving high numerical accuracy. The solver is applied to the optical fiber for the assessment of its numerical performance, to the classical benchmark rib waveguide for comparing with existing high-accuracy results, and to the fused fiber structure for demonstrating its robustness in calculating the form birefingence.     

Synthesis,crystal structure,and anti-thermal quenching performance of Lu2Sr(1−x)Al4SiO12:xEu2+ phosphors

With high-temperature solid-state reaction method, a series of Lu₂Sr_(1−x)Al₄SiO₁₂:xEu²⁺ phosphors have been synthesized. With Rietveld refinement method, the crystal structure of Lu₂SrAl₄SiO₁₂ has been refined. Under the excitation of the ultraviolet and violet band light, Lu₂Sr_(1−x)Al₄SiO₁₂:xEu²⁺ emits the Eu²⁺ characteristic blue broadband light. The photoluminescence properties of concentration quenching, emission peak shift, reflectance spectra, and luminescence decay have been investigated. With the structure analyses, the corresponding physical mechanisms have been discussed. With the increased temperature, this phosphor shows well thermal stabilities. For the x_Eu = 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1 phosphors, the strong anti-thermal quenching performance has been observed. The reason for the anti-thermal quenching of this phosphor has been discussed. The trap capture mechanism may be the suitable physical mechanism to explain the anti-thermal quenching of this phosphor. This phosphor shows the potential applications in the white LED lighting fields.     

An improved approach to find membership functions and multiple minimum supports in fuzzy data mining

Fuzzy mining approaches have recently been discussed for deriving fuzzy knowledge. Since items may have their own characteristics, different minimum supports and membership functions may be specified for different items. In the past, we proposed a genetic-fuzzy data-mining algorithm for extracting minimum supports and membership functions for items from quantitative transactions. In that paper, minimum supports and membership functions of all items are encoded in a chromosome such that it may be not easy to converge. In this paper, an enhanced approach is proposed, which processes the items in a divide-and-conquer strategy. The approach is called divide-and-conquer genetic-fuzzy mining algorithm for items with Multiple Minimum Supports (DGFMMS), and is designed for finding minimum supports, membership functions, and fuzzy association rules. Possible solutions are evaluated by their requirement satisfaction divided by their suitability of derived membership functions. The proposed GA framework maintains multiple populations, each for one item’s minimum support and membership functions. The final best minimum supports and membership functions in all the populations are then gathered together to be used for mining fuzzy association rules. Experimental results also show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

3D laser trimming technology for regulating embedded thick-film carbon resistors on a random access memory module

This study presents a novel solution for regulating embedded thick-film carbon resistors on random access memory (RAM) modules using 3D laser trimming technology. The embedded passive components, which are printed on a substrate using liquid-polymer ink, are employed due to their rapid response time. The original resistance of such resistors, however, is less than the target value. Hence, a 3D laser trimming technology is proposed for etching thick-film resistors and reaching a target resistance value with online assistance of a four-wire resistance measurement device. A laser beam deflection path with a spiral cycle is manufactured on the printed thick-film to superficially thin the resistor using a wobble-grinding function in a layer-by-layer manner. Resistance material was removed by each laser pulse until the target resistance was obtained. Twelve RAM modules were tested. Experimental results demonstrate that the resistance value of the trimmed resistors was an averaged accredited percentage of 88.54% with a tolerance of 5%. All trimmed resistors with a tolerance of 10% were obtained. Furthermore, 144,000 embedded thick-film carbon resistors on 1800 RAM modules were trimmed in a factory using the proposed scheme. Measurement results indicate that an average accredited rate of 95.67% with tolerances of 5–20% was obtained for industrial applications. Therefore, the proposed technology is a practical and efficient solution for regulating thick-film carbon resistors on RAM modules and other related products.     

基于预训练模型和多层次信息的代码坏味检测方法

目前已有的代码坏味检测方法仅依赖于代码结构信息和启发式规则, 对嵌入在不同层次代码中的语义信息关注不够, 而且现有的代码坏味检测方法准确率还有进一步提升的空间. 针对该问题, 提出一种基于预训练模型和多层次信息的代码坏味检测方法DeepSmell, 首先采用静态分析工具提取程序中的代码坏味实例和多层次代码度量信息, 并...     

Biohydrogen production from cattle wastewater by enriched anaerobic mixed consortia: influence of fermentation temperature and pH

Experiments were conducted to select a natural mixed microflora seed source and investigate the effect of temperature and pH on fermentative hydrogen (H2) production from cattle wastewater by sewage sludge. Sewage sludge was shown to have higher cumulative H2 production than other inoculum collected from cow dung compost, chicken manure compost, and river sludge. Experimental results show that H2 production from cattle wastewater was significantly affected by both pH and temperature of the culture. The maximum H2 yield was obtained at pH 5.5. H2 yield and the ratio of butyrate/acetate (Bu/Ac) followed a similar production trend, suggesting that butyrate formation might favor H2 production. The optimal temperature for H2 production from cattle wastewater was 45 degrees C with peak values of H2 production (368 ml), hydrogen yield of 319 ml H2/g chemical oxygen demand (COD) consumed, and butyrate/acetate ratio of 1.43. Presence of ethanol and propionic acid indicated decreased hydrogen production; their concentrations were also affected by pH and temperature. A modified Gompertz model adequately described H2 production and bacterial growth.