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排序方式: 共有90条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Mannans as stabilizers of oil-in-water beverage emulsions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The stabilizing effect of spruce galactoglucomannan (GGM) on a model beverage emulsion system was studied and compared to that of guar gum and locust bean gum galactomannans, konjac glucomannan, and corn arabinoxylan. In addition, guar gum was enzymatically modified in order to examine the effect of the degree of polymerization and the degree of substitution of galactomannans on emulsion stability. Use of GGM increased the turbidity of emulsions both immediately after preparation and after storage of up to 14 days at room temperature. GGM emulsions had higher turbidity than the emulsions containing other mannans. The initial turbidity increased with increasing GGM content, but after 14 days storage at room temperature, the turbidity was the highest for GGM/oil ratio of 0.10:1 when ethanol-precipitated GGM was used. Increasing the storage temperature to +45 °C led to rapid emulsion breakdown, but a decrease in storage temperature increased emulsion stability after 14 days. Confocal microscopy showed that the average particle size in the bottom part of GGM emulsions stored for 14 days was smaller than 1 μm. A low degree of polymerization and a high degree of substitution of the modified galactomannans were associated with a decrease in emulsion turbidity. 相似文献
3.
Lassi Warsta Tero J. Niemi Maija Taka Gerald Krebs Kersti Haahti Harri Koivusalo 《Urban Water Journal》2017,14(9):954-963
An open source subcatchment generator program was developed for the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) to automate tedious stages in the model construction process. The generator divides the investigated area into subcatchments using a uniform computation grid and connects the grid cells together and to the underlying stormwater network. The system was tested by applying it to two small urban catchments with different fractions of impervious surfaces in Helsinki, Finland, using mostly openly available data. The simulated discharge results were compared to measured data and to results obtained from manually built models. The proposed system significantly accelerated the setup of a SWMM modelling project, as the routing between the subcatchments as well as the subcatchment slopes and flow widths were directly derived from the computation grid. Automatically generated and manually constructed SWMM models produced discharge results that differed only slightly from each other. 相似文献
4.
Vesterlund S Vankerckhoven V Saxelin M Goossens H Salminen S Ouwehand AC 《International journal of food microbiology》2007,116(3):325-331
The widespread use of immunosuppressive therapy and antimicrobial agents as well as novel probiotics without a long history of safe use has increased requirements for safety assessment of probiotic lactobacilli. In this study 44 faecal, 52 blood and 15 probiotic isolates (including 3 dairy strains) of Lactobacillus were assayed for their adhesion properties to extracellular matrix proteins and mucus, hemolysis, ability to avoid the induction of respiratory burst in peripheral blood mononucleocytes (PMN) and resistance to human serum. Among tested strains adhesion to collagen, fibrinogen and mucus was isolate-specific and no statistically significant differences were obtained between faecal, blood and probiotic isolates. However, blood isolates showed a trend for higher adhesion to mucus than probiotic strains (P=0.07). Probiotic strains induced lower respiratory burst in PMN when compared to the blood isolates (P<0.05). Moreover, there was a positive correlation between adhesion to collagen and induction of respiratory burst for faecal isolates (P<0.05). In the determination of serum resistance, probiotic strains showed a trend for lower sensitivity to human serum-mediated killing when compared to the faecal isolates (P=0.07). None of the measurable virulence factors were found to be present at statistically higher level in clinical blood isolates when compared to faecal and/or probiotic isolates indicating that these factors do not cause risk when safety of probiotics is considered. However, the significance of adhesion to mucus, low induction of respiratory burst in PMN and resistance to human serum-mediated killing may need further evaluation in experimental animal models and in epidemiological data. 相似文献
5.
Repokari Leena; Punam?ki Raija-Leena; Poikkeus Piia; Tiitinen Aila; Vilska Sirpa; Unkila-Kallio Leila; Sinkkonen Jari; Almqvist Frederick; Tulppala Maija 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2006,20(4):670
In this prospective controlled study, the authors examined (a) parenting experiences among couples with successful assisted reproduction treatment (ART; n = 367) and fertile spontaneously conceiving controls (n = 371) and (b) the impact of ante- and perinatal factors and child characteristics on parenting experiences. The results show that positive mothering experiences increased more during the 1st year of parenting and were generally higher among ART mothers than control mothers. No differences were found between ART fathers and controls in their fathering experience. Unpleasant birth experiences, low birth weight, and difficulty soothing the child were associated with high levels of parental stress in the control group, but this was not so among the ART parents. Psychosocial interventions in maternal care should take into account the various meanings that couples give to the history of infertility and conception and ante- and perinatal experiences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
6.
Maija Blomquist Tom Lindfors Rose-Marie Latonen Johan Bobacka 《Synthetic Metals》2009,159(1-2):96-102
The electropolymerization of N-methylanthranilic acid (NMAA) is reported in this paper. The monomer is substituted both at ortho- and N-position and, to the best of our knowledge, it has not been previously electropolymerized. Electropolymerization of NMAA was done on glassy carbon and optically transparent (indium) tin oxide electrodes. The obtained films, which are probably of an oligomeric nature (oligoNMMA), were characterized with cyclic voltammetry (CV), in situ UV–vis and Raman spectroscopy, ex situ FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Our results show that NMAA can be electropolymerized as thin films in 1.0 M HClO4, but the oxidation and reduction peak currents in the CVs indicate that the formed oligoNMAA films are thinner than poly(N-methylaniline) or poly(N-butylaniline) films prepared under similar conditions. The CV and UV–vis measurements confirm that oligoNMAA have three oxidation states like suggested in the redox scheme of substituted polyanilines. The Raman spectra of oligoNMAA also verify that more quinoid units are formed at higher potentials in accordance with the redox scheme. The ex situ FTIR measurement proves that covalently attached carboxylic acid groups are present in the film structure and attached to the oligoNMAA backbone. 相似文献
7.
Dr. Tarja Kokkola Dr. Tiina Suuronen Dr. Maija Pesonen Prof. Panagis Filippakopoulos Dr. Antero Salminen Dr. Elina M. Jarho Dr. Maija Lahtela‐Kakkonen 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2015,16(14):1997-2001
Control of histone acetylation is a part of the epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene expression and chromatin architecture. The members of the bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) protein family are a group of epigenetic readers that recognize histone acetylation, whereas histone deacetyl‐ ases such as sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) function as epigenetic erasers. We observed that BET inhibition by the specific inhibitor JQ1 upregulated SIRT1 expression and activated SIRT1. Moreover, we observed that BET inhibition functionally reversed the pro‐inflammatory effect of SIRT1 inhibition in a cellular lung disease model. SIRT1 activation is desirable in many age‐related, metabolic and inflammatory diseases; our results suggest that BET protein inhibition would be beneficial in treatment of those conditions. Most importantly, our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism of SIRT1 activation by inhibition of the BET proteins. 相似文献
8.
Synthetic Crystals of Silver with Carbon: 3D Epitaxy of Carbon Nanostructures in the Silver Lattice
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Lourdes G. Salamanca‐Riba Romaine A. Isaacs Melburne C. LeMieux Jiayu Wan Karen Gaskell Yeping Jiang Manfred Wuttig Azzam N. Mansour Sergey N. Rashkeev Maija M. Kuklja Peter Y. Zavalij Jaime R. Santiago Liangbing Hu 《Advanced functional materials》2015,25(30):4768-4777
Only minimum amounts of carbon can be incorporated into silver, gold, and copper in a thermodynamically stable form. Here, the structure of stable silver carbon alloys is described, which are produced by thermoelectrically charging molten silver with carbon ions. Transmission electron microscopy and Raman scattering are combined to establish that large amount of carbon is accommodated in the form of epitaxial graphene‐like sheets. The carbon bonds covalently to the silver matrix as predicted from density functional theory (DFT) calculations with bond energies in the range 1.1–2.2 eV per atom or vacancy. Graphitic‐like sheets embedded in the crystal lattice of silver form 3D epitaxial structures with the host metal with a strain of ≈13% compared to equilibrium graphene. The carbon nanostructures persist upon remelting and resolidification. A DFT‐based analysis of the phonon density of states confirms the presence of intense vibration modes related to the Ag? C bonds observed in the Raman spectra of the alloy. The solid silver–high carbon alloy, termed “Ag‐covetic,” displays room temperature electrical conductivity of 5.62 × 107 S m?1 even for carbon concentrations of up to ≈6 wt% (36 at%). This process of incorporation of carbon presents a new paradigm for electrocharging assisted bulk processing. 相似文献
9.
Diagnosing diabetic nephropathy by 1H NMR metabonomics of serum 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Mäkinen VP Soininen P Forsblom C Parkkonen M Ingman P Kaski K Groop PH Ala-Korpela M;FinnDiane Study Group 《Magma (New York, N.Y.)》2006,19(6):281-296
Object: The most severe complication of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is diabetic nephropathy. It is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular
complications and premature death and requires early detection to be efficiently treated. The clinical practice to diagnose
diabetic nephropathy is also a non-optimal and tedious set up based on albumin excretion rate in multiple overnight or 24h
urine samples. Conversely, in this study, these independent diagnostic data are used to provide a realistic testing case for
applying 1H NMR metabonomics of serum in a diagnostic fashion.
Materials and Methods: 182 T1DM and 21 non-diabetic (non-T1DM) individuals were studied. The 1H NMR of serum at 500 MHz was targeted at two molecular windows: lipoprotein lipids and low-molecular-weight metabolites.
Results: T1DM and non-T1DM individuals were exclusively separated by 1H NMR. For diabetic nephropathy diagnosis in the T1DM patients, 1H NMR data (and clinical biochemistry data) gave a sensitivity of 87.1% (83.9%) and a specificity of 87.7% (95.9%). The predictive
values of positive and negative tests were 89.0% (95.5%) and 83.6% (79.2%), respectively.
Conclusions: 1H NMR metabonomics clearly distinguishes metabolic characteristics of T1DM and appears approximately as good a means to diagnose
diabetic nephropathy from serum as an advanced set of biochemical variables. 相似文献
10.
Kirsi S. Mikkonen Susanna Heikkinen Annemai Soovre Marko Peura Ritva Serimaa Riku A. Talja Harry Helén Lea Hyvönen Maija Tenkanen 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2009,114(1):457-466
The development of packaging films based on renewable materials is an important and active area of research today. This is the first extensive study focusing on film‐forming properties of an agrobiomass byproduct, namely, oat spelt arabinoxylan. A plasticizer was needed for cohesive film formation, and glycerol and sorbitol were compared. The tensile properties of the films varied with the type and amount of the polyol. With a 10% (w/w) plasticizer content, the films containing glycerol had higher tensile strength than the films containing sorbitol, but with a 40% plasticizer content, the result was the opposite. Sorbitol‐plasticized films retained their tensile properties better than films with glycerol during 5 months of storage. The films were semicrystalline with similar crystallinity indices of 0.20–0.26. The largest crystallites (9.5 nm) were observed in the film with 40% glycerol. The softening of films with 40% (w/w) glycerol started at a significantly lower relative humidity (RH) than that of the corresponding sorbitol‐containing films. The films with sorbitol also had lower water vapor permeability (WVP) than the films with glycerol. The films plasticized with 10% (w/w) sorbitol had a WVP value of 1.1 g mm/(m2·d·kPa) at the RH gradient of 0/54%. The oxygen permeability of films containing 10% (w/w) glycerol or sorbitol was similar: 3 cm3·μm/(m2·d·kPa) at 50–75% RH. A higher plasticizer content resulted in more permeable films. Permeation of sunflower oil through the films was not detected. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009 相似文献